WAEC2026

Month: November 2025

  • WAEC Textiles Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Textiles Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Textiles Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks (Clothing and Textiles) covers general knowledge, fiber and yarn properties, fabric construction, finishing techniques, and sewing equipment. Key areas include fiber identification, yarn production, and understanding different fabric constructions like weaving and knitting. The syllabus also includes sustainable development, portfolio building, and entrepreneurial skills related to textiles.

    Aims and Objectives

    • Candidates must learn the rationale for studying textiles
    • Candidates must learn about the development and careers in textiles
    • Candidates must learn the development of positive attitudes and skills in producing indigenous and contemporary textiles
    • Candidates must learn the effective manipulative skills, using tools, materials and computer technology and safety measures to be taken
    • Candidates must learn the level of creativity as envisaged in design work for fashion, printing, weaving, and dying of fabrics
    • Candidates must learn the skills for sustainable development and competencies of exploring the indigenous textile industry
    • Candidates must learn the elements of entrepreneurial skills, such as costing, pricing, and marketing of textile products
    • Candidates’ appreciation and patronage of indigenous and contemporary textile products
    • Candidates’ competencies in building portfolios and skills in mounting exhibitions in textiles.

    Examination Guidelines

    There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken.  Papers 1 and 2

    will be a composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

    PAPER 1:  Will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which must be

    answered within 50 minutes for 40 marks.

    PAPER 2:  Will consist of six essay-type questions.  Candidates will be required to answer

    four within 2 hours for 60 marks.

    PAPER 3:  Will be two practical projects, out of which candidates will execute one within five days, working for six hours each of the days.  The paper will carry 80 marks.

    The questions will be sent to the candidates two weeks before the execution period for candidates to study.  Designing sketches and preparatory notes should also be done within two weeks prior to the execution of the project. These will carry 20 marks.  The total mark for the paper is, therefore, 100.

    WAEC Textiles Syllabus 2026/2027

    Textiles, applied in this syllabus, covers general knowledge, identification and use of fibers, textile designing, production, sustainable developments, portfolio building and exhibition and entrepreneurial skills.

    Candidates will be expected to respond comprehensively to questions drawn from all areas of textiles in objective, essay and practical forms.

    The scope of the syllabus shall therefore cover the following areas:

    Main TopicSubtopics / Details
    1. Introduction to Textiles– Meaning and rationale for studying textiles- Importance of textiles in daily life and national development
    2. Ghanaian Textile Heritage– Renowned Ghanaian textile artists- Traditional and contemporary textile practices in Ghana
    3. Development of Textiles and Careers– Historical and modern developments in textiles- Career opportunities in the textile industry
    4. Textiles and Cultural Values– Role of textiles in expressing cultural identity and values- Traditional and contemporary cultural influences
    5. Competencies, Attitudes and Behavior for Employment– Required skills and ethics for textile-related work- Customer relations and professional behavior
    6. Textile Fibres and Yarns– Identification and classification of fibres- Properties and suitability of fibres- Fibre processing (e.g. soaking, ginning, etc.)
    7. Yarn Preparation– Traditional and contemporary yarn preparation- Types of yarn- Blends and mixtures- Yarn terminologies
    8. Fabric Construction Processes– Weaving (traditional and broadloom)- Point paper designing (plain, twill, satin/sateen, and variations)- Looms and accessories (manpower, traditional, broadloom, power looms: shuttle and shuttleless)- Textile calculations (weight/cost of warp, weft, fabric)- Loom motions (primary, secondary, auxiliary)- Other fabric constructions: knitting, crocheting, tapestry- Non-woven fabrics
    9. Fabric Decoration and Finishing– Preparation, care, and maintenance of tools, materials, and equipment- Basic drawing (elements and principles of design)- Idea development and ICT use in design- Indigenous colour schemes, symbols, and motifs- Decorative techniques: dyeing, printing, appliqué, embroidery- Finishing techniques: mechanical and chemical- Care and maintenance of fabrics
    10. Sustainable Development and Resource Management– Sustainable textile production- Challenges and interventions in resource management, marketing, and distribution
    11. Cultural Values and Healthy Studio Practices– Observing traditional and contemporary values- Maintaining health and safety in the studio environment
    12. Portfolio and Exhibition– Types of portfolios (hard and soft copies)- Collection and building of portfolios- Meaning, types, purpose, and processes of mounting exhibitions- Appreciating and patronizing indigenous textiles
    13. Entrepreneurship in Textiles– Entrepreneurial skills and practices- Preparation and planning of a business plan- Key points of a business plan- Costing, pricing, and marketing of textile products


    Recent Posts

  • WAEC Efịk Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbook

    WAEC Efịk Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbook

    The WAEC Efịk Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbook: covers the sound system, grammar, culture, and worldview of the Efik language, ensuring candidates have a comprehensive understanding of the subject. It is used for both the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) and the General Certificate of Education (GCE).

    Aims and Objectives

    • To enable candidates to speak, read and write Efịk properly and communicate effectively in it
    • To familiarize them with the sound system, grammatical structures and other features of the Efịk language
    • To expose the candidates to Efịk culture – customs, institutions, worldview, etc
    • To provide them with the necessary tools needed for creative writing and appreciation of the Efịk language and literature.

    Scheme of Examination

    The rubrics shall be written in Efịk. Candidates will be required to answer all the questions in Efịk using the standard orthography and Metalanguage.

    The subject will consist of two papers, Papers 1 and 2, both of which will make a composite paper and will be taken at one sitting.

    PAPER 1:   Objective (1 hour)

    This paper will consist of three sections, Sections A, B and C, as follows:

    SECTION A: Language

    SECTION B: Literature

    SECTION C: Culture

    The paper will contain a total of sixty multiple-choice objective questions distributed as follows:

     Section A on Language will contain thirty questions distributed as follows:

    Comprehension (2 short passages)                                                      – 10 items

    Composition/Letter writing                                                                –   4 items

    Sound system                                                                                      –   4 items

    Word and sentence structure                                                              –   8 items

    Translation                                                                                          –   4 items

    30 items

    Section B on Literature will also contain twenty-two questions distributed as follows:

    Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation                                           –   4 items

    Oral Literature            –

    Prose   –          3 items Poetry  –         3 items       Drama –          3 items  –   9 items

    Written Literature       –

    Prose   –        3 items   Poetry  –          3 items       Drama –           3 items  –   9 items

    In this section, all questions other than those on Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation will be based on the set books for Paper 2.

    Section C on Culture will contain the remaining eight questions, which will be distributed as follows:

    Customs                                                                                              –   4 items

    Institutions                                                                                          –   4 items

    8 items

    The paper will carry 60 marks.

    PAPER 2: This will be an essay test having three sections, Sections A, B and C on Language, Literature and Culture, respectively. Candidates will be required to answer six questions in all; three from Section A, two from Section B, and one from Section C—in 2 hours for 100 marks. The rubrics shall be written in Efịk.

    WAEC Efịk Syllabus 2026/2027

    SectionTopic/AreaDetails / Subtopics
    Composition / Letter WritingEssay WritingCandidates are to write about 300 words and spend not more than 45 minutes on this section.
    Essay TypesNarrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository, Dialogue, Debate, Letter Writing.
    Sound System—(Included as part of Language aspect in Paper 1 and 2.)
    Section B: LiteratureOverviewThis section will include questions from set books for both Oral and Written Literature. A total of six questions will be set — three from Oral Literature and three from Written Literature. Candidates must answer two questions in all: one from each type.
    Oral Literature– Prose: Folktales, legends, proverbs, riddles, etc. – Poetry: Songs, ballads. – Drama: Traditional drama.
    Written Literature– Three textbooks covering Prose, Poetry, and Drama. – One question will be set on each book. – Candidates are to answer any one of the three questions.
    Section C: CultureEdu Uwem (Customs)Mme ubọk utom (occupations), ukọ iyak (marriage), utọ inwaṅ (birth and naming), unyam urua (market life), utom usọ (festivals/ceremonies).
    Ukpep nti edu uwem ye mme ufon mmọGood upbringing and its benefits: respect, hard work, cleanliness, discipline, etc.
    Udia ye edu utem / unam udia nteEdo traditional foods and food customs: enamde kadi, enamdi fufu, ebokde mme efere, etemde ekpaṅ ṅkukwọ.
    Uduọk mmịnLibation rituals and their significance.
    Nsionsio Nka (Institutions)Different traditional and social institutions.
    Ubon / EkpukFamily structure and relations.
    Usuṅ edade ebọk nditọChild upbringing and parental guidance.
    Edu ukpono / se ekponodeWorship and religious practices.
    Religious BeliefsAbasi (Supreme Being), Ndem (deities/spirits), Ibọk (sacred items/rituals).
    Mme nke (Proverbs)Proverbs and wise sayings used in daily communication.
    Mme nke etopdetopPopular sayings and idiomatic expressions.
    UbọṅArts, crafts, and traditional creativity.
    Mme ndedịbe nka ke EfịkSecret societies and traditional institutions in Efik culture.

    WAEC Efịk Textbook 2026/2027

    1. Oral Literature
      • Inyah Abasi Ndem by E.N. Amaku
      • mutanda oyom Namondo by E.E. Nkana
      • Nkpon Udan by Essien et al.
    2. Written Literature
      • Asibon Edem by E.A. Edyang
      • Edikot nwed mbuk 6 by E.N Amaku
      • Nkpasip nkpo Kiet by Essien et al
    3. Culture
      • Mme ukpepnkpo iko Efik by Akpayun, O.A
      • Efik Eburutu: Mme ido ye edu uwem by Amkau, E.N
    4. Grammar
      • Mbet usem Efik ye ubet nke efik by Amaku E.N
      • Nti edu ukpepnkpo ndito Efik by Akpanyun, O.A et al
      • Mme ukpepnkpo iko Efik by Akpanyun, O.A et al
      • Fonetik Efik: Nwed ukpepnkpo abanake mme uyom iko Efik by Ansa, S.A, Asuquo, I. B. and Essien-Eyo, Ako
      • A study of Efik for Schools and Colleges by Akpanyun, O. A.
    5. Reference Texts
      • A learners dictionary of Efik language by Aye, E.U
      • English-Efik dictionary by Adams R. F. G., Akaduh, E. and Abia-Bassey, O.
      • Efik Language course by Ekefre, N. U.
      • Efik Metalanguage by NERDC
      • Ettiti ibat by Grace Davis

    Recent Posts

  • WAEC Edo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Edo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Edo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks is a detailed guide for the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Edo language exam, which includes Paper 1 (multiple-choice) and Paper 2 (essay) covering language, literature, and culture. For specific examination details and the full syllabus.

    Aims and Objectives

    • To enable candidates to speak, read and write competently in Edo to communicate effectively with other speakers of the language
    • To familiarize candidates with the sound system, grammatical structures and other features of the Edo Language
    • To foster candidates’ acquaintance with the necessary tools needed for a thorough appreciation of Edo Speech Usage, Literature, and Culture (customs and institutions).

    Examination Guide

    Summrase in paaragrapsh:The examination will consist of two papers, Papers 1 and 2. It will test all aspects of the Edo Language: comprehension, composition, sound system, grammar and translation. It will also test selected texts of oral and written literature as well as Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation, Customs and Institutions. The rubrics shall be written in Edo.

    PAPER 1:
    This will be 60 multiple-choice items covering Language, Literature and Culture aspects of the syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer all the questions in 1 hour for 60 marks.

    The questions will be distributed as follows:

    Section A: Language
    Comprehension (2 short passages) – 10 items

    Composition – 4 items

    Sound System – 6 items

    Grammar – 6 items

    Translation – 4 items

    30 items
    Section B: Literature
    Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation – 4 items

    Oral Literature – Prose – 3

    – Poetry – 3 – 9 items

    – Drama – 3

    Written Literature – Prose – 3

    – Poetry – 3 – 9 items

    – Drama – 3

    22 items

    Section C: Culture
    Customs – 4 items

    Institutions – 4 items

    8 items

    Total = (30 + 22 + 8) = 60 items

    Content
    The content for Paper 1 shall be the same as for Paper 2.

    In Section B, all questions other than those on Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation will be on the set books for Paper

    PAPER 2:
    Essay-Type: Language, Literature & Culture Time: 2 hours

    Candidates will be required to answer six questions in all: three questions from Section A; two questions from Section B; and one question from Section C. They will also be required to answer all the questions in Edo using the official Edo orthography and meta language. The paper shall carry 100 marks.

    WAEC Edo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    SectionTopic/AreaDetails / Subtopics
    CompositionEssay WritingCandidates should write about 300 words within 45 minutes.
    Types of EssaysNarrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository, Dialogue, Debate, Letter writing.
    Sound SystemVowels, Consonants, Syllabic NasalProduction in terms of place and manner of articulation.
    Phonetic & Phonemic ClassificationBasic classification of sounds.
    Syllable StructureStructure and formation of syllables.
    Sound ProcessesVowel harmony, assimilation, elision, etc.
    OrthographySound system aspects of Edo orthography.
    TonesTones and tone notation in Edo.
    GrammarWord Structure & FormationFormation of words and their internal structures.
    NumeralsBasic and derived numerals.
    Word ClassesNouns, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, adjectives, etc.
    Grammatical CategoriesSubject, object, complement, predicate, number, person, tense, aspect, mood, etc.
    Phrases & ClausesTypes and functions.
    SentencesStructure and types of sentences.
    Section B: LiteratureOral Literature– Genres: Prose, Poetry, Drama. – Three set books (one per genre). – One question from each book; candidates answer one question only.
    Written Literature– Genres: Prose, Poetry, Drama. – Three set books (one per genre). – One question from each book; candidates answer one question only.
    Section C: CultureCustomsMake-up & adornments, indoor/outdoor games, pregnancy & care, naming ceremonies, home training (greetings, respect, cleanliness, integrity, hard work), Edo foods, non-verbal communication, funerals (traditional & modern), inheritance (traditional & modern).
    InstitutionsTraditional occupations, marriage, politics (family structure, age grades, chieftaincy, Obaship), child care, ancestors, beliefs about Osalobua/Osanobua (God), deities/divinities, other invisible forces, modern religions (Islam, Christianity), economy (adverts, money lending, cooperative efforts).

    WAEC Edo Syllabus Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Language
    • Egirama Edo Nogbae by Osayomwanbo Osemwegie-Ero
    • Edo grammar for Schools and Colleges by Osaren S,].B Omoregue
    • Edo Course Book 4-6 by Imasuen E.O (DR)
    • Edo Phonetics and Phonology by Omozuwa Victor Edosa
    • Oral Literature
    • Prose
    • Okha Edo (7-22, 46-8-) by Emovon and Osemwegie
    • Drama
    • Eseikho by Ikponmwosa Osemwegie
    • Poetry
    • Poems in Bini by kponmwosa Osemwegie
    • Written Literature
    • Prose
    • Izelogha by Osayomwanbo Osemwegie-Ero
    • Poetry
    • Asikoko Ekharha Oghe Edo by Obazee Gabriel et al
    • Drama
    • Ivin Eva by Osayomwanbo Osemwegie-Ero
    • Culture
    • Edo Course Book 4-6 by Imasuen E.O (DR)
    • Edo Proverbs and Figures of Speech by Erhahon.

    Recent Posts


  • WAEC Ceramics Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Ceramics Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Ceramics Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbook includes topics on the history of ceramics, raw materials, tools and equipment, forming techniques, decoration and finishing, and establishing a small-scale industry. Recommended textbooks, which can include standard pottery and ceramics textbooks from publishers approved by WAEC.

    Aims and Objectives

    • Candidates’ knowledge of the history and development of ceramics
    • Candidates must improve their ability to explore, identify, prepare and use materials, tools and equipment
    • Candidates must improve their knowledge and experience in healthy studio practices
    • Candidates mut improve their Ability to design, develop and create ideas for ceramics
    • Candidates must develop the Skills in the processes and production of ceramics wares
    • Candidates must have ability to interpret and appreciate works in ceramics
    • Ability to plan and establish a small-scale industry

    Recent Posts

    Examination Guidelines

    There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken.  Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

    PAPER 1:

    This Paper will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which must be answered within 50 minutes for 40 marks.

    PAPER 2:

    Paper 2 will consist of six essay-type questions. Candidates will be required to answer four questions within 2 hours for 60 marks.

    PAPER 3:

    Paper 3 will be two practical projects, out of which candidates will execute one within five days, working for six hours each of the days.  The paper will carry 80 marks.

    The question papers will be sent to the candidates two weeks before the execution period for candidates to study.  Designing sketches and preparatory notes should also be done within two weeks prior to the execution of the project.  These will carry 20 marks.  The total mark for the paper is, therefore, 100.

    WAEC Ceramics Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main Topic / ModuleSubtopics and Key Concepts
    1. Introduction to Ceramics• Definition and History of Ceramics • Career Opportunities in Ceramics • Types of Ceramic Products (e.g. bricks, tiles, vases, bowls) • Uses of Ceramics – Utilitarian and Decorative • Cultural Relevance of Ceramic Products
    2. Indigenous Pottery in Ghana• Study of Traditional Pottery Centres – e.g. Ntonso, Pankrono, Vume, Sirigu, etc. • Cultural and Historical Significance of Indigenous Pottery
    3. Ghanaian Pioneer Contemporary Ceramic Artists• Daniel Cobblah • W. C. Owusu • R. C. Ekem • Ofori Duodu • K. K. Broni • J. K. Amoah • Kofi Asante • J. K. Nsiah • I. K. Oteng • P. S. Kwawukume • David Tetteh • Adu Darko • A. E. Quarm • Happy Kufeh, etc.
    4. Raw Materials for CeramicsClay: Definition, Formation, Kinds and Types (Primary – Kaolin; Secondary – Ball Clay, Earthenware, Stoneware, etc.) • Prospecting and Testing for Clay (Plasticity, Shrinkage, Firing Temperature) • Preparation of Clay • Types of Clay Bodies (Plastic, Rough, etc.) • Sources of
  • WAEC Business Management Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Business Management Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Business Management syllabus 2026/2027 covers topics like management functions, business organization, finance, marketing, and international trade. Recommended textbooks include those covering these core areas.

    Aims and Objectives

    • Candidates must understand and appreciate the basics of the concepts, principles, and practices of business management
    • Candidates must understand the role of business management in an economy
    • Candidate must develop ability to relate the concepts and principles of business management to practical business situations
    • candidate’s must have ability to pursue further studies in business management.

    Examination Guide

    There will be two papers, Paper 1 and Paper 2, both of which will constitute a composite paper and will be taken in a sitting.

    PAPER 1:

    Paper 1 will consist of fifty compulsory multiple-choice objective questions, which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 30 marks. It will last 1 hour.

    PAPER 2:

    Paper 2 will consist of a compulsory case study question and seven other essay questions, out of which candidates will be expected to answer any three.

    The case study will range between 200 and 250 words and will carry 25 marks, while the other questions will carry equal marks of 15 each. The paper will therefore carry a total of 70 marks.

    WAEC Business Management Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main Topic / ModuleSubtopics and Key Concepts
    1. Meaning and Process of Management• Meaning of Management and Administration • Basic Functions of Management • Levels of Management • Types and Roles of Managers • Difference between Administration and Management
    2. Forms of Business Organization• Meaning of Business Organization • Major Forms: Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Company, Public Corporation, Co-operative Society • Procedures for Formation • Characteristics, Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Form • Causes of Business Failure
    3. Business and Society• Meaning of Business Environment • Forces in the Business Environment • Ethical, Legal and Social Responsibilities of Businesses • Primary and Secondary Stakeholders – Meaning and Differences • Business Responsibilities towards Society
    4. Functions of Management—
    (a) Planning and Decision Making• Meaning and Importance of Planning • Steps and Types of Planning • Limitations to Planning • Meaning and Importance of Decision-Making • Decision-Making Process • Types of Decisions (Programmed, Non-programmed) • Levels of Management Decisions
    (b) Organizing• Meaning, Importance and Activities of Organizing • Principles of Organizing • Organizational Structure and Chart • Centralization vs. Decentralization – Meaning, Differences, Advantages, Disadvantages • Meaning and Benefits of Delegation • Reasons Managers Do Not Delegate • Reasons Subordinates Reject Delegation • Guidelines for Effective Delegation
    (c) Directing• Meaning and Elements of Directing • Motivation – Meaning, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Leadership – Meaning, Importance, Styles, and Sources of Power • Communication – Meaning, Importance, Channels (Formal & Informal), Process, Barriers, and Guidelines for Effective Communication
    (d) Controlling• Meaning and Reasons for Control • Steps in Controlling • Tools for Control
    5. Management Information Technology (ICT in Management)• Concept of ICT • Data and Information – Meaning, Differences, and Sources • Functions of Computers • Applications of Computers in Business • Advantages and Challenges of Using Computers in Business
    6. Legal Environment of Business—
    (a) Law of Contract• Meaning and Elements of a Contract • Classification of Contracts • Vitiating Factors (Void and Voidable Contracts) • Discharge of Contracts
    (b) Principles of Agency• Meaning and Creation of Agency • Rights and Duties of Principal and Agent • Termination of Agency
    (c) Negotiable Instruments• Meaning and Characteristics • Types: Cheques, Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes • Cheques – Classes, Types, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Fraud Prevention
    7. Finance and Financial Institutions—
    (a) Money• Meaning and Characteristics • Functions of Money • Meaning and Causes of Inflation
    (b) Banking• Types of Banks • Functions of Central Bank • Functions of Commercial and Other Banks • Types of Bank Accounts • Tools of Monetary Control
    (c) Risk Management and Insurance• Meaning of Risk and Risk Management • Types of Business Risks • Meaning and Importance of Insurance • Principles of Insurance • Types of Insurance and Policies
    (d) Stock Exchange• Meaning and Functions • Types of Securities Traded
    8. Role of Government in the Economy• Role of Government in Economic Development • Sources and Types of Government Revenue • Purpose of Taxation • Types of Taxes and Challenges of Tax Collection • Types and Items of Government Expenditure
    9. International Trade and Problems of Developing Economies—
    (a) International Trade• Meaning of Trade • Difference Between Domestic and International Trade • Trade Documents • Reasons for International Trade • Theories: Absolute & Comparative Cost Advantage • Trade Restrictions and

    WAEC Business Management Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Introduction to Business Management by Ansah, J.K. Wilas Press Ltd Publishers
    • Essentials of Services Management by Boachie-Mensah. F.O Woeli Publishing
    • Business Studies by Buckley, M., Brindley, B and Greenwood. M.S, Longman Group Publishers
    • Advanced Business Studies by Carysforth, C and Neild, M Heinemann. Danks, S. DP Publication
    • Introduction to Business Management by Du Toit, G S, Erasmus. J W. Press South Africa
    • Business Studies by Needham, D. and Dransfield, R Stanley Thornes.

    Recent Posts


  • WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Building Construction syllabus 2026/2027 session is a guide for preparing for the exam, which includes topics like safety practices, basic tools, site clearing and levelling, concrete, and drawing, you can use recent syllabi and standard textbooks for building construction as a resource, with key topics including the identification and use of tools, safety measures, materials, and technical drawing.

    Examination Guideline

    There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken.

    Papers 1 and 2 shall be composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

    PAPER 1:

    This will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which are to be answered in 45 minutes for 40 marks.

    PAPER 2:

    This will consist of five short-structured essay questions. Candidates will be required to answer any four in1 hour for 60 marks.

    PAPER 3:

    This will be a practical test.  It will consist of two sections, Sections A and B. The paper will take 2½ hours and will carry 100 marks.

    The following sections are available:

    Section A:

    This will be for candidates in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and The Gambia only. It will be on BUILDING DRAWING and shall consist of four questions, including a compulsory one.  Candidates will be required to answer the compulsory question and any two of the other questions.

    Section B:

    Section B will be for candidates in Ghana only. It will consist of six essay questions, including a compulsory one.

    Candidates will be required to answer the compulsory question and any three of the other questions.

    WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main TopicSubtopics / Details
    1. Introduction to Building• Definition of Building • Classification and Types of Buildings • Introduction to National Building Codes (Building Regulations and Byelaw Requirements)
    2. Building Construction and Construction Team• Definition, Purpose, and Procedures for Building Construction • Parties in the Construction Team: Client’s Team, Contractor’s Team, and Statutory Personnel • Functions of Team Members • Relationship Among Parties
    3. Safety Practices• Definition of Safety, Rules, and Regulations • Hazards in Workshop and Construction Site • Causes and Methods of Accident Prevention • Safety Equipment and Measures at Construction Sites • First Aid Equipment, Procedures, and Safety Wear • Safety in Using Dangerous Equipment and Materials (Electricity, Scaffolding, Cement, Roofs, etc.)
    4. Basic Tools, Equipment, and Machines• Identification and Functions of Basic Tools and Equipment • Care and Maintenance of Tools and Equipment
    5. Site Clearing and Levelling• Operations Involved in Site Clearing • Tools and Equipment for Clearing and Levelling • Basic Site Levelling Operations
    6. Site Organization and Layout• Preliminary Operations in Building Construction • Procedures for Site Layout • Location, Boundary Lines, Hoarding, Hutments, and Access Roads
    7. Setting Out• Methods of Setting Out (3:4:5 Method, Builder’s Square Method) • Tools and Equipment for Setting Out • Procedures for Setting Out
    8. Building Drawing• Use of Drawing Tools and Plane Geometry • Building Drawing Symbols • Scales Used and Their Application • Production Drawings (Plans, Elevations, Sections, Details) • Special Details (Doors, Windows Schedules) • Scaling (Enlargement, Pictorial, Perspective) • Definition and Use of AutoCAD
    9. Excavation and Earthwork• Classification, Types, and Properties of Soil • Definition and Functions of Excavation • Methods of Excavation • Tools, Equipment, and Plants Used • Solutions to Excavation Problems (Earthwork Support, Timbering, Battering, Dewatering) • Safety Rules During Excavation
    10. Foundation• Definition, Purpose, and Functional Requirements • Types of Foundation • Factors Determining the Choice of Foundation
    11. Ground Floors• Types, Functions, and Requirements • Methods of Construction • Definition of Basement • Comparison Between Building With and Without Basement • Problems Relating to Basement Construction
    12. Suspended Floors• Definition and Functions of Upper Floors • Methods of Construction (Concrete and Timber Floors)
    13. Concrete• Definition and Types • Materials for Concrete • Cement: Definition, Types, Manufacture, Properties, and Uses • Alternatives to Cement (Pozzolana, PFA, RHA, etc.) • Types and Uses of Aggregates (Including Local Materials like Palm Kernel Shell, Periwinkle) • Types and Uses of Reinforcement • Properties of Concrete • Process of Concrete Production • Types of Concrete Tests
    14. Walls• Definition, Types, and Functions • Walling Materials: Types and Properties (Including Local Materials) • Manufacturing Processes of Walling Materials (Clay Bricks, Blocks, Concrete Blocks) • Sizes of Bricks and Blocks • Mortar Mixes • Methods of Wall Construction • Timber Wall Construction • Wall Openings: Definition and Functions • Methods of Constructing Wall Openings • Functions of Lintels and Arches
    15. Doors and Windows• Definition, Functions, and Types • Methods of Fixing Door and Window Frames
    16. Staircases• Definition, Classification, and Types • Uses of Stairs • Materials for Stair Construction and Finishing
    17. Plumbing Installations and Drainage Systems• Plumbing and Sanita

    WAEC Building Construction Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Barry’s Introduction to Construction in Buildings
    • Blocklaying and Concreting
    • The Construction of Buildings VolsI– V
    • Building Technology Ivor H. Seeley
    • Building Construction S. C. O. A. Ezeji
    • Brickwork Vols 1 – 3 Nash
    • Building Construction Handbook R. Chudley
    • Building Construction Vols 1 – 4 W. B. Mckay
    • Principles of Construction Roger Greeno
    • Building Construction for Senior Secondary Schools Vols 1 – 3 (Ilesanmi) Adesokan and M. O. Adeniyi
    • Construction Technology Vols 1 – 4 R. Chuelley
    • Advanced Building Construction Vols 1 & 2 C. M. H. Barritt

    Related Posts

  • WAEC Block Laying, Brick Laying & Concrete Works Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Block Laying, Brick Laying & Concrete Works Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Block Laying, Brick Laying & Concrete Works Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks covers safety, tools, site preparation, materials, and construction principles. It includes topics like site clearing, setting out, materials (sand, cement, water), concrete mixing and application, and formwork for beams, columns, slabs, and staircases. The syllabus requires students to demonstrate knowledge and skills through both theoretical papers and practical tests.

    Examination Guidelines

    Paper 1: Will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions all of which are to be answered in 45 minutes for 40 marks.

    Paper 2: This Will consist of five short-structured questions.  Candidates will be required to answer any four in 1 hour for 60 marks.

    Paper 3: It will be a practical test of 3 hours duration for 100 marks.  It will be a workpiece involving laying of a total number of blocks not exceeding 30 and where the workpiece is made of bricks only, the total number of bricks shall not exceed 100.

    Where the workpiece to be laid is a combination of bricks and blocks, this will not contain more than 20 blocks and 40 bricks. (i.e. in composite walling). 

    WAEC Block Laying, Brick Laying & Concrete Works Syllabus 2026/2027

    S/No.ContentsNotes
    1Workshop and Site Safety(i) Various safety rules at work site.(ii) First aids.(iii) Purpose of safety.(iv) Safety regulations (scaffolding, electrical installations, etc).(v) Protective wears.
    2Basic Tools and Equipment(i) Identification of basic hand tools for blocklaying, bricklaying and concreting including site preparation and levelling tools, finishing tools.(ii) Sketching of basic hand tools.(iii) Uses of basic hand tools and equipment.(iv) Simple maintenance of basic tools and equipment.
    3Site Preparations and Setting-Out(i) Tools and equipment used for site preparation.(ii) Clearing of building site.(iii) Methods of setting out.(iv) Setting out tools and materials.
    4Manufacture, Application and Properties of Blocks and Bricks(i) Manufacturing processes of blocks and bricks.(ii) Types of bricks and blocks.(iii) Materials used for blocks and bricks (sand, lime, cement, clay, laterite and water).
    5Concreting Materials(i) Various constituents of concrete.(ii) Cement – Types of cement.(iii) Definition of fine and coarse aggregates and their differences.(iv) Storage of concrete materials.
    6Formwork for Construction Work(i) Functions and functional requirements of formwork.(ii) Materials used for formwork.(iii) Advantages of steel and timber formworks.(iv) Construction of formworks for concrete floorslabs, beams, columns, arches, lintels and staircases.(v) Erection and striking of formworks.
    7Concreting Operations(i) Mix proportions (cement-aggregate ratio; water-cement ratio).(ii) Stages in concreting (batching, mixing, transporting, placing, curing).(iii) Methods of transporting wet concrete.(iv) Testing of concrete.(v) Properties of concrete.(vi) Methods of making construction joints in concrete elements (beams, columns, concrete roofs and slabs).(vii) Need for concrete reinforcement.(viii) Methods of reinforcing concrete elements.(ix) Types of steel reinforcement bars.(x) Casting and curing of concrete structures (in-situ and precast concrete).
    8Basic Principles of Substructure Construction Work Including Ground Floors(i) Types of soil.(ii) Definitions of site and soil investigation.(iii) Definition of bearing capacity of soil.(iv) Definition of foundation, types and uses.(v) Definitions of ground floors, types, uses and construction.(vi) Materials for D.P.C. and D.P.M.(vii) Differences between D.P.C. and D.P.M.(viii) Methods of placing and positioning D.P.C. in walls.
    9Upper Floors(i) Functions and types of floors.(ii) Methods of floor construction.(iii) Types of flooring and their applications.
    10Walls(i) Functions and types of walls.(ii) Walling materials.(iii) Common bonds in brick/block walls.(iv) Mortar (types, mixing methods and ratios).(v) Differences between pointing and jointing.(vi) Types of pointing and jointing.
    11Openings in Walls(i) Functions and types of openings.(ii) Materials used for lintels, beams, and arches.(iii) Windows and doors – functions and types; materials; methods of fixing.(iv) Ironmongery for doors and windows.
    12Stairs Construction(i) Types of stairs.(ii) Construction of a straight flight stair.
    13Scaffold and Scaffolding(i) Types of scaffolds.(ii) Scaffold components.(iii) Hoisting equipment.(iv) Safety regulation.
    14Finishes(i) Types of finishes.(ii) Types of finishing materials.(iii) Characteristics of finishing materials.(iv) Uses of finishing materials.(v) Care and maintenance of finishes.
    15Construction of Drainage System(i) Principles of good drainage system.(ii) Types of drainage system.(iii) Differences between a sewer and a drain.(iv) Simple sketches of septic tank, soakaway pit, inspection chamber, manhole and cesspool.(v) Surface drainage.(vi) Method of laying drain pipes to a specified gradient.
    16Kerbs(i) Functions and types of kerbs.(ii) Materials used in production of kerbs.(iii) Methods of laying precast concrete kerbs.
    17Business Opportunities in Building(i) Opportunities in building industry.(ii) Procedures for establishing businesses in the industry.(iii) Requirements for managing construction business.(iv) Estimating the cost of construction jobs.(v) Principles and techniques of book-keeping.

    Related Posts