WAEC2026

Category: WAEC Textbooks

  • WAEC Business Management Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Business Management Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Business Management syllabus 2026/2027 covers topics like management functions, business organization, finance, marketing, and international trade. Recommended textbooks include those covering these core areas.

    Aims and Objectives

    • Candidates must understand and appreciate the basics of the concepts, principles, and practices of business management
    • Candidates must understand the role of business management in an economy
    • Candidate must develop ability to relate the concepts and principles of business management to practical business situations
    • candidate’s must have ability to pursue further studies in business management.

    Examination Guide

    There will be two papers, Paper 1 and Paper 2, both of which will constitute a composite paper and will be taken in a sitting.

    PAPER 1:

    Paper 1 will consist of fifty compulsory multiple-choice objective questions, which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 30 marks. It will last 1 hour.

    PAPER 2:

    Paper 2 will consist of a compulsory case study question and seven other essay questions, out of which candidates will be expected to answer any three.

    The case study will range between 200 and 250 words and will carry 25 marks, while the other questions will carry equal marks of 15 each. The paper will therefore carry a total of 70 marks.

    WAEC Business Management Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main Topic / ModuleSubtopics and Key Concepts
    1. Meaning and Process of Management• Meaning of Management and Administration • Basic Functions of Management • Levels of Management • Types and Roles of Managers • Difference between Administration and Management
    2. Forms of Business Organization• Meaning of Business Organization • Major Forms: Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Company, Public Corporation, Co-operative Society • Procedures for Formation • Characteristics, Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Form • Causes of Business Failure
    3. Business and Society• Meaning of Business Environment • Forces in the Business Environment • Ethical, Legal and Social Responsibilities of Businesses • Primary and Secondary Stakeholders – Meaning and Differences • Business Responsibilities towards Society
    4. Functions of Management—
    (a) Planning and Decision Making• Meaning and Importance of Planning • Steps and Types of Planning • Limitations to Planning • Meaning and Importance of Decision-Making • Decision-Making Process • Types of Decisions (Programmed, Non-programmed) • Levels of Management Decisions
    (b) Organizing• Meaning, Importance and Activities of Organizing • Principles of Organizing • Organizational Structure and Chart • Centralization vs. Decentralization – Meaning, Differences, Advantages, Disadvantages • Meaning and Benefits of Delegation • Reasons Managers Do Not Delegate • Reasons Subordinates Reject Delegation • Guidelines for Effective Delegation
    (c) Directing• Meaning and Elements of Directing • Motivation – Meaning, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Leadership – Meaning, Importance, Styles, and Sources of Power • Communication – Meaning, Importance, Channels (Formal & Informal), Process, Barriers, and Guidelines for Effective Communication
    (d) Controlling• Meaning and Reasons for Control • Steps in Controlling • Tools for Control
    5. Management Information Technology (ICT in Management)• Concept of ICT • Data and Information – Meaning, Differences, and Sources • Functions of Computers • Applications of Computers in Business • Advantages and Challenges of Using Computers in Business
    6. Legal Environment of Business—
    (a) Law of Contract• Meaning and Elements of a Contract • Classification of Contracts • Vitiating Factors (Void and Voidable Contracts) • Discharge of Contracts
    (b) Principles of Agency• Meaning and Creation of Agency • Rights and Duties of Principal and Agent • Termination of Agency
    (c) Negotiable Instruments• Meaning and Characteristics • Types: Cheques, Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes • Cheques – Classes, Types, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Fraud Prevention
    7. Finance and Financial Institutions—
    (a) Money• Meaning and Characteristics • Functions of Money • Meaning and Causes of Inflation
    (b) Banking• Types of Banks • Functions of Central Bank • Functions of Commercial and Other Banks • Types of Bank Accounts • Tools of Monetary Control
    (c) Risk Management and Insurance• Meaning of Risk and Risk Management • Types of Business Risks • Meaning and Importance of Insurance • Principles of Insurance • Types of Insurance and Policies
    (d) Stock Exchange• Meaning and Functions • Types of Securities Traded
    8. Role of Government in the Economy• Role of Government in Economic Development • Sources and Types of Government Revenue • Purpose of Taxation • Types of Taxes and Challenges of Tax Collection • Types and Items of Government Expenditure
    9. International Trade and Problems of Developing Economies—
    (a) International Trade• Meaning of Trade • Difference Between Domestic and International Trade • Trade Documents • Reasons for International Trade • Theories: Absolute & Comparative Cost Advantage • Trade Restrictions and

    WAEC Business Management Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Introduction to Business Management by Ansah, J.K. Wilas Press Ltd Publishers
    • Essentials of Services Management by Boachie-Mensah. F.O Woeli Publishing
    • Business Studies by Buckley, M., Brindley, B and Greenwood. M.S, Longman Group Publishers
    • Advanced Business Studies by Carysforth, C and Neild, M Heinemann. Danks, S. DP Publication
    • Introduction to Business Management by Du Toit, G S, Erasmus. J W. Press South Africa
    • Business Studies by Needham, D. and Dransfield, R Stanley Thornes.

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  • WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Building Construction syllabus 2026/2027 session is a guide for preparing for the exam, which includes topics like safety practices, basic tools, site clearing and levelling, concrete, and drawing, you can use recent syllabi and standard textbooks for building construction as a resource, with key topics including the identification and use of tools, safety measures, materials, and technical drawing.

    Examination Guideline

    There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken.

    Papers 1 and 2 shall be composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

    PAPER 1:

    This will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which are to be answered in 45 minutes for 40 marks.

    PAPER 2:

    This will consist of five short-structured essay questions. Candidates will be required to answer any four in1 hour for 60 marks.

    PAPER 3:

    This will be a practical test.  It will consist of two sections, Sections A and B. The paper will take 2½ hours and will carry 100 marks.

    The following sections are available:

    Section A:

    This will be for candidates in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and The Gambia only. It will be on BUILDING DRAWING and shall consist of four questions, including a compulsory one.  Candidates will be required to answer the compulsory question and any two of the other questions.

    Section B:

    Section B will be for candidates in Ghana only. It will consist of six essay questions, including a compulsory one.

    Candidates will be required to answer the compulsory question and any three of the other questions.

    WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main TopicSubtopics / Details
    1. Introduction to Building• Definition of Building • Classification and Types of Buildings • Introduction to National Building Codes (Building Regulations and Byelaw Requirements)
    2. Building Construction and Construction Team• Definition, Purpose, and Procedures for Building Construction • Parties in the Construction Team: Client’s Team, Contractor’s Team, and Statutory Personnel • Functions of Team Members • Relationship Among Parties
    3. Safety Practices• Definition of Safety, Rules, and Regulations • Hazards in Workshop and Construction Site • Causes and Methods of Accident Prevention • Safety Equipment and Measures at Construction Sites • First Aid Equipment, Procedures, and Safety Wear • Safety in Using Dangerous Equipment and Materials (Electricity, Scaffolding, Cement, Roofs, etc.)
    4. Basic Tools, Equipment, and Machines• Identification and Functions of Basic Tools and Equipment • Care and Maintenance of Tools and Equipment
    5. Site Clearing and Levelling• Operations Involved in Site Clearing • Tools and Equipment for Clearing and Levelling • Basic Site Levelling Operations
    6. Site Organization and Layout• Preliminary Operations in Building Construction • Procedures for Site Layout • Location, Boundary Lines, Hoarding, Hutments, and Access Roads
    7. Setting Out• Methods of Setting Out (3:4:5 Method, Builder’s Square Method) • Tools and Equipment for Setting Out • Procedures for Setting Out
    8. Building Drawing• Use of Drawing Tools and Plane Geometry • Building Drawing Symbols • Scales Used and Their Application • Production Drawings (Plans, Elevations, Sections, Details) • Special Details (Doors, Windows Schedules) • Scaling (Enlargement, Pictorial, Perspective) • Definition and Use of AutoCAD
    9. Excavation and Earthwork• Classification, Types, and Properties of Soil • Definition and Functions of Excavation • Methods of Excavation • Tools, Equipment, and Plants Used • Solutions to Excavation Problems (Earthwork Support, Timbering, Battering, Dewatering) • Safety Rules During Excavation
    10. Foundation• Definition, Purpose, and Functional Requirements • Types of Foundation • Factors Determining the Choice of Foundation
    11. Ground Floors• Types, Functions, and Requirements • Methods of Construction • Definition of Basement • Comparison Between Building With and Without Basement • Problems Relating to Basement Construction
    12. Suspended Floors• Definition and Functions of Upper Floors • Methods of Construction (Concrete and Timber Floors)
    13. Concrete• Definition and Types • Materials for Concrete • Cement: Definition, Types, Manufacture, Properties, and Uses • Alternatives to Cement (Pozzolana, PFA, RHA, etc.) • Types and Uses of Aggregates (Including Local Materials like Palm Kernel Shell, Periwinkle) • Types and Uses of Reinforcement • Properties of Concrete • Process of Concrete Production • Types of Concrete Tests
    14. Walls• Definition, Types, and Functions • Walling Materials: Types and Properties (Including Local Materials) • Manufacturing Processes of Walling Materials (Clay Bricks, Blocks, Concrete Blocks) • Sizes of Bricks and Blocks • Mortar Mixes • Methods of Wall Construction • Timber Wall Construction • Wall Openings: Definition and Functions • Methods of Constructing Wall Openings • Functions of Lintels and Arches
    15. Doors and Windows• Definition, Functions, and Types • Methods of Fixing Door and Window Frames
    16. Staircases• Definition, Classification, and Types • Uses of Stairs • Materials for Stair Construction and Finishing
    17. Plumbing Installations and Drainage Systems• Plumbing and Sanita

    WAEC Building Construction Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Barry’s Introduction to Construction in Buildings
    • Blocklaying and Concreting
    • The Construction of Buildings VolsI– V
    • Building Technology Ivor H. Seeley
    • Building Construction S. C. O. A. Ezeji
    • Brickwork Vols 1 – 3 Nash
    • Building Construction Handbook R. Chudley
    • Building Construction Vols 1 – 4 W. B. Mckay
    • Principles of Construction Roger Greeno
    • Building Construction for Senior Secondary Schools Vols 1 – 3 (Ilesanmi) Adesokan and M. O. Adeniyi
    • Construction Technology Vols 1 – 4 R. Chuelley
    • Advanced Building Construction Vols 1 & 2 C. M. H. Barritt

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  • WAEC Basketry Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Basketry Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Basketry Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks: covers both theoretical and practical aspects of the craft, including the history, socio-cultural significance, and entrepreneurship related to basket making. Key areas include the elements and principles of design, a wide range of techniques like coiling, plaiting, and weaving, preparation and care of materials, and the finishing of articles like baskets, hats, and mats. The exam consists of theory papers and a practical project.

    Aims & Objective

    • Candidates Must understand knowledge and understanding of the historical developments and socio-economic importance of basketry
    • Candidates must understand the creative skills and manipulative skills in designing and production of various forms of basketry based on societal and cultural needs
    • Candidates must understand the creative and manipulative skills in designing and production of various forms of basketry by employing the traditions and cultures of the society
    • Candidates must have kknowledge of how to plan and establish a sustainable small-scale industry
    • Candidates must have knowledge of appreciation and evaluation of basketry

    WAEC Examination Guidelines 2026/2027

    There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2, and 3, all of which must be taken.  Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken at one sitting.

     PAPER 1:      Will consist of forty multiple choice objective questions, all of which must be answered within 50 minutes for 40 marks.

    PAPER 2:      Will consist of six essay-type questions.  Candidates will be required to answer four questions within 2 hours for 60 marks.

    PAPER 3:       Will be two practical projects, out of which candidates will execute one within five days, working for six hours each of the days.  The paper will carry 80 marks.

    The question papers will be sent to the candidates two weeks before the execution period for candidates to study.  Designing sketches and preparatory notes should also be done within two weeks prior to the execution of the project.  These will carry 20 marks.  The total mark for the paper is, therefore, 100.

    The course in Basketry includes a study of the historical development and socio-cultural and economic significance of basketry as an art and vocation. Basketry also covers the preparation, care and use of materials and various techniques for designing and making of articles of functional and aesthetic values to satisfy identified needs. Candidates also are expected to have acquired and applied knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship.

    WAEC Basketry Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main TopicSubtopics / Content Details
    MEANING AND SCOPE OF BASKETRY– Meaning: Basketry is the craft of making items by weaving or interlacing flexible materials. – Scope/Areas Covered: Coiled work, woven articles, frameworks, macramé, etc. – Articles Made: Baskets, hats, mats, nets, couches, footwear, cots, etc. – Techniques Used: Weaving, plaiting, coiling, stitching, knotting, and construction. – Combination of Materials: Use of cowries, gourds, beads, and similar materials to create rattles, macramé, etc.
    RATIONALE FOR STUDYING BASKETRY– Encourages creative use of new and local materials for articles of cultural, functional, and aesthetic value. – Promotes skills acquisition for employment and further studies. – Supports tourism and cultural heritage promotion.
    HISTORY, SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE– History: Origin and evolution of basketry. – Social Importance: Basketry as a medium of social expression and entertainment. – Cultural Importance: Role in festivals, traditions, and identity. – Economic Importance: Contributions to agriculture, trade, and commerce.
    PLACES, PEOPLE AND BASKETRY– Contributions of notable people and localities to the development of basketry traditions and techniques.
    COMPETENCIES AND ATTITUDES– Development of knowledge, creative thinking, skills, and values for employment (e.g. weaving, designing). – Promotion of tolerance, diligence, honesty, and commitment. – Enhancement of communication skills and time management.
    PREPARATION OF MATERIALS– Skills and Techniques: Drying, wetting, softening, and treating materials. – Storage and Care: Chemical and non-chemical preservation. – Sustainability: Conservation of raw material sources (ecology, preventing bush burning). – Understanding Material Characteristics: Discovering material qualities and appropriate uses.
    TOOLS AND THEIR USES– Categories: Cutting, weaving, shaping, measuring, and finishing tools. – Description and Uses: Drawing and labeling of tools. – Improvisation: Creating alternative tools using available resources. – Care and Maintenance: Cleaning, sharpening, and proper storage. – Safety Precautions: Safe handling and use of tools.
    ELEMENTS OF DESIGN– Identification: Recognizing design elements such as dot, line, shape, form, color, and texture. – Creation: Using weaving, knotting, coiling, and waling to express design elements. – Color Theory: 12-point color wheel, Ghanaian color concept, and symbolism.
    PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN– Identification: Unity, balance, proportion, repetition, contrast, and rhythm in design. – Application: Using spraying, scorching, weaving, and other techniques to demonstrate principles of design.
    BASIC DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY– Definition of Design: The process of conceiving and planning functional or aesthetic objects. – Idea Creation: Drawing from memory, imagination, and observation. – Use of Tools and Materials: Applying proper techniques and resources.
    DESIGNING ARTICLES TO SUIT SPECIFIC NEEDS– Design Process: Creating by hand or computer. – Techniques: Weaving, knotting, plaiting, coiling, stitching, framing, etc. – Evaluation Criteria: Use of appropriate materials, color, technique, and finishing quality.
    SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BASKETRY– Strategies: Re-afforestation, waste management, eco-friendly material sourcing. – Challenges: Competition with plastic products, limited raw materials. – Solutions: Formation of cooperatives, innovation, and maintaining competitiveness.
    DECORATION AND FINISHING– Definition of Decoration: Enhancing the surface or appearance of an article. – Definition of Finishing: The final process that improves durability and appearance. – Decoration Techniques: Use of colored/uncolored weavers, weave variations, scorching, spraying, and adding complementary objects. – Finishing Techniques: Wrapping, binding, singeing, trimming, tying, lashing, bending, gluing, sanding, varnishing, lacquering, embroidering, sealing, and bordering.
    ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS IN PRACTICE– Portfolio Development: Prints, photos, videos (CDs/DVDs) of finished works.
    BUSINESS PLAN– Meaning: A detailed written plan outlining business goals and strategies. – Purpose: To guide operations and attract investors. – Steps in Organization: Registration, securing capital, choosing location, obtaining materials and tools, conducting market surveys.
    THE BUSINESS– Capital Sources: Bank loans, cooperatives, personal savings. – Exhibition: Types – general and specialized.
    BUSINESS PROMOTION– Methods: Billboards, internet, print media, TV, radio, handbills, posters. – Entrepreneurial Skills: Marketing, innovation, customer relations.
    PACKAGING AND HANDLING– Definition: Preparing finished products for storage, sale, or transportation. – Functions: Protect products and enhance presentation. – Disadvantages of Poor Packaging: Damage, low appeal, and customer dissatisfaction. – Types of Packaging: Primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging.
    COSTING AND PRICING– Definition: Determining the total production cost and setting selling prices. – Types of Cost: Variable cost (materials, labor) and fixed cost (rent, equipment). – Importance: Ensures profitability and business sustainability.

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  • WAEC Auto Parts Merchandising Syllabus 2026/2027 Textbooks

    WAEC Auto Parts Merchandising Syllabus 2026/2027 Textbooks

    The WAEC Auto Parts Merchandising Syllabus 2026/2027 Textbooks cover key aspects of the auto parts trade, including how to effectively display and sell products, manage inventory, and provide customer service. The syllabus includes topics like auto parts identification, sales techniques, merchandising strategies, and stock management.

    WAEC Auto Parts Merchandising Examination Guides

    There will be two papers, Paper 1 and 2, both of which will be composite papers to be taken in a sitting.

    PAPER 1: Will consist of forty multiple choice questions, all of which must be taken in 50 minutes for 40 marks.

    PAPER 2: Will consist of two sections, Sections A and B. Both sections will last for 2 hours and carry 100 marks.

    Section A: Will consist of three questions, including a compulsory one and drawn on the technical part of the syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer two questions, including the compulsory one. The section will carry 40 marks.

    Section B: This will consist of four questions based on the merchandising part of the syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer three of the questions for 60 marks.

    WAEC Auto Parts Merchandising Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main TopicSubtopics / Content Details
    SAFETY IN AUTO PARTS MERCHANDISING SHOP– Definition of safety. – Safety clothing and protective gear: helmet, goggles, hand gloves, nose mask, foot boots, overall dress. – Fire extinguishers: types and uses. – Causes and prevention of accidents in an auto parts shop.
    ENGINE PARTS– Identification of engine parts: piston, piston rings, connecting rod, camshaft, crankshaft, valves, cylinder head, oil pump. – Sketching of listed engine parts. – Location and functions of each engine part.
    TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (CLUTCH)– Identification of clutch parts: flywheel, clutch plate, pressure plate assembly, release bearing. – Functions of clutch parts.
    TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (GEARBOX)– Types of gearbox: manual (3-speed, 4-speed, 5-speed) and automatic transmission. – Functions of gearbox and its importance in power transmission.
    TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (PROPELLER SHAFT AND REAR AXLE ASSEMBLY)– Types of propeller shafts and universal/sliding joints. – Functions of transmission system parts. – Identification of parts of the rear axle assembly.
    SUSPENSION SYSTEM– Types of suspension systems: normal beam and independent suspension. – Parts: damper, coil springs, torsion bar, leaf spring. – Functions of suspension system parts.
    COOLING SYSTEM– Types of cooling systems: water cooling and air cooling. – Functions of the cooling system. – Parts: radiator, fan blade, fan belt, water pump, water hose, thermostat.
    STEERING SYSTEM– Types: manual and power-assisted steering. – Parts: steering gearbox, steering wheel, steering shaft, tie-rod. – Functions of steering parts.
    BRAKING SYSTEM– Types: disc brake and drum brake. – Parts: master cylinder, wheel cylinder, connecting pipe, brake pads, brake shoes/lining. – Functions of braking system parts.
    LUBRICATION SYSTEM– Parts: oil tank/sump, oil filter, oil cooler, oil seal, pressure switch, oil pump (types). – Types of lubricants: oil and grease. – Types of oil: SAE 40, SAE 60, SAE 30/20W. – Quality and proper use of oil and grease.
    ELECTRICAL PARTS– Components: battery, fuse, electrical control unit (ECU/brain box), alternator, ignition coil, bulb, cut-out relay. – Identification of components. – Functions of each electrical component.

    TOOL, TEST EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

    Main TopicSubtopics / Content Details
    WHEELS AND TYRES– Types of Wheels: Spoke wheel, Alloy wheel, Pressed steel wheel. – Types of Tyres: Tube type and Tubeless tyres. – Size of Wheel and Tyre: Understanding rim diameter, tyre width, and aspect ratio. – Functions of Wheels and Tyres: Support vehicle load, provide traction, absorb shocks, and assist steering and braking.
    TYPES OF TOOLS AND THEIR USES– General Tools: Spanner, Hammer, Mallet, Allen key, Screwdriver, and Pliers — used for general servicing and repairs. – Special Tools: Extractors, Pullers, Sledgehammers, Lifters — used for specific or heavy-duty tasks. – Differences: General tools are multipurpose and commonly used; special tools are designed for specific mechanical operations.
    CARE OF TOOLS– Methods of Tool Care: Regular greasing, cleaning, proper storage and packing. – Effects of Improper Tool Care: Tool rusting, reduced efficiency, damage, and safety hazards.
    TEST EQUIPMENT– Types of Test Equipment: Spark plug cleaner, Engine analyzer, Dwell angle tester, Exhaust gas analyzer, Vacuum tester. – Functions: Used for diagnosing, measuring, and evaluating engine performance and emission levels.
    MAINTENANCE OF TEST EQUIPMENT– Operational Knowledge: Proper starting and stopping procedures. – Use of Manufacturer’s Manual: Understanding correct handling, calibration, troubleshooting, and safety precautions. – Importance: Ensures equipment accuracy,

    STORAGE, CATALOGING AND VISUAL PRESENTATION

    Main TopicSubtopics / Content Details
    STORAGE– Definition: Explanation of storage as the process of keeping auto parts in a safe, organized condition until needed. – Process and Ways of Storing Parts: Use of shelves, racks, bins, containers, labeling, and proper arrangement. – Reasons for Proper Storage: To prevent damage, deterioration, misplacement, and ensure quick retrieval.
    CATALOGUING– Definition: Systematic listing and classification of auto parts. – Functions: Easy identification, tracking, and ordering of parts. – Process of Locating Auto Parts Using a Catalogue: Using manufacturer’s reference numbers, part names, models, and diagrams.
    RE-ORDER QUANTITY– Meaning: The specific stock level at which a new order must be placed to avoid stockouts. – Importance/Advantages: Ensures consistent supply, avoids excess or shortage. – Process of Re-ordering Auto Parts/Stock: Monitoring inventory levels, recording daily stock movement, and placing timely re-orders. – Principles of Maintaining Stock Level: Balancing stock availability with cost efficiency. – Calculations: Re-order level, FIFO (First In, First Out), and LIFO (Last In, First Out) methods.
    VISUAL PRESENTATION– Methods of Item Presentation/Grouping: Arranging parts by brand, manufacturer, model, or function. – Advantages: Enhances display appeal, simplifies identification, boosts customer satisfaction, and improves sales.
    INVENTORY– Definition: The complete record or list of goods and materials held in stock. – Types: Daily, Periodic, and Annual inventory. – Procedure for Inventory Taking: Use of bin cards, physical counts, and record reconciliation.
    PRODUCT SOURCING– Definition: The process of finding reliable suppliers or manufacturers for auto parts. – Ways of Sourcing Products: Direct from manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, or importation. – Importance: Ensures quality products, competitive pricing, and reliable supply chain.
    SALES– Definition: The act of exchanging goods for money or other consideration. – Types: Cash sales and Credit/Deferred sales. – Methods of Selling: Personal selling, door-to-door, trade fairs, open markets, and unit shops. – Sales Calls: Explanation and procedure — preparation, presentation, persuasion, and closing.
    INVOICING– Meaning: Preparation of a detailed bill for goods sold or services rendered. – Content: Seller and buyer details, date, invoice number, description of goods, quantity, price, total amount, and payment terms. – Uses/Importance: Serves as a sales record, proof of transaction, and basis for accounting.
    FORECASTING– Definition: The process of estimating future sales, demand, or trends. – Needs/Reasons: To plan inventory, budget, and manpower effectively. – Advantages: Reduces waste, improves decision-making, and ensures business readiness.
    RECORD KEEPING– Types of Records: Sales journal, purchases journal, sales ledger, purchase ledger, invoices, receipts, cash book. – Process: Recording transactions promptly and accurately in relevant books. – Uses: For auditing, financial planning, accountability, and business evaluation.
    FUND RAISING (SOURCE OF FINANCE)– Definition: Process of obtaining financial resources to support business operations. – Types of Funds: Short-term, medium-term, and long-term funds. – Sources/Ways of Raising Funds: Personal savings, bank loans, government grants, investors, cooperatives, and partnerships. – Procedure: Planning, application, approval, disbursement, and repayment.
    MARKET ANALYSIS– Definition of Market: A place or system where buyers and sellers interact. – Market Analysis: Study of market trends, competition, and customer behavior. – Market Segment: A specific group of customers within a market. – Market Segmentation: Dividing the market based on age, income, location, or preferences. – Procedure and Basis: Identify target market, analyze needs, and create tailored strategies.
    VALUE PRICING– Definition: Setting prices based on perceived customer value rather than production cost. – Types: Penetration pricing, premium pricing, competitive pricing. – Application: Used to attract customers, position brands, and maximize profits.
    ADVERTISING– Definition: Promotion of goods and services to attract potential customers. – Types: Print, broadcast, digital, outdoor, and direct advertising. – Media: Radio, TV, newspapers, social media, billboards. – Advantages: Increases sales, builds brand awareness, and informs customers.
    CUSTOMER SERVICE– Meaning: Assistance and support provided to customers before, during, and after purchase. – Types: Pre-sale service, after-sale service, technical support, complaint handling. – Importance/Advantages: Builds loyalty, enhances reputation, and improves customer satisfaction. – Handling Customer Complaints: Listen, empathize, resolve issues promptly, and follow up.

    WARRANTY/ GUARANTY AND REGULATORY BODIES

    Main TopicSubtopics / Content Details
    WARRANTY / GUARANTY– Meaning: A warranty or guaranty is a formal assurance given by a manufacturer or seller that a product will meet specified quality standards or be repaired/replaced within a set period if found defective. – Importance: ▪ Protects consumers from defective products. ▪ Builds customer trust and satisfaction. ▪ Encourages manufacturers to maintain product quality. ▪ Provides legal backing for claims and replacements. – Procedure for Claiming Warranty/Guaranty Rights: ▪ Present proof of purchase (receipt/invoice). ▪ Contact the authorized dealer or service center. ▪ Provide details of the defect or issue. ▪ Follow inspection and approval process before repair or replacement. – Process Leading to Loss of Warranty Rights: ▪ Unauthorized repairs or modifications. ▪ Misuse, negligence, or accident damage. ▪ Expiry of warranty period. ▪ Use of non-genuine parts or accessories.
    REGULATORY BODIES– Reason for Regulation: ▪ To ensure products meet safety and quality standards. ▪ To protect consumers and promote fair business practices. ▪ To prevent sale of substandard or counterfeit auto parts. – Quality Control (Definition and Types): ▪ Definition: The process of maintaining and improving product standards through testing and inspection. ▪ Types: Preventive quality control (before production) and corrective quality control (after production). – Ways to Improve Quality: ▪ Regular inspection and testing. ▪ Use of quality materials. ▪ Staff training and adherence to standards. ▪ Feedback and continuous improvement. – Examples of Regulatory Bodies: ▪ Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) – Ensures product standardization and certification. ▪ Consumer Protection Board (CPB) – Safeguards consumer rights and handles complaints. ▪ Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) – Develops engineering standards and promotes automotive safety. – Functions of Regulatory Bodies: ▪ Establish and enforce standards. ▪ Certify products and manufacturers. ▪ Conduct market surveillance. ▪ Educate consumers and manufacturers. ▪ Penalize non-compliance and regulate product imports

    WAEC Auto Parts Merchandising Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Technology For Motor Vehicle Mechanics, Parts 1, 2 &3. By Mudd, S.C.
    • Motor Vehicle Technology and Practical Work. By Dolan, D. A.
    • Principles of Marketing. By Philip Kotler.
    • By Giles, G.B. ( The M&E Handbook)

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  • WAEC Auto Mechanical Work Syllabus 2026/2027 Textbooks

    WAEC Auto Mechanical Work Syllabus 2026/2027 Textbooks

    The WAEC Auto Mechanical Work Syllabus 2026/2027 Textbooks: cover areas like basic mechanics, electrical systems, engine principles, and vehicle maintenance. To prepare, students should look for textbooks that align with the practical and theoretical topics typically found in automotive technology curricula, such as those focusing on engine repair, vehicle dynamics, and electrical troubleshooting.

    Aims and Objectives

    • Candidates must understand the concepts in automotive Mechanical work
    • Candidates must use tools and equipment to carry out maintenance and repair on motor vehicles
    • Candidates must understand the safety practices and observe them in the work environment.

    Examination Guidelines 2026/2027

    The examination will consist of three papers — Papers 1, 2, and 3 — all of which are compulsory. Papers 1 and 2 will be taken together in a single sitting.

    Paper 1 will contain forty multiple-choice objective questions, to be answered within 45 minutes for a total of 40 marks.

    Paper 2 will comprise six short-structured questions, out of which candidates are required to answer any four within one hour. This paper will carry 60 marks.

    Paper 3 will be a practical test lasting two hours, consisting of three skill-based questions, from which candidates will answer two for 90 marks. A list of required materials will be provided to schools at least two weeks before the test to allow for adequate preparation and procurement of materials.

    In cases where the necessary materials for the practical test cannot be obtained, an Alternative to Practical Test may be conducted. This alternative will assess the candidate’s theoretical understanding of practical skills through two compulsory essay questions, to be answered in two hours for 100 marks.

    Additionally, candidates are required to undergo an Industrial Attachment during the long vacation between SS II and SS III. This attachment will be supervised and assessed by subject teachers and will carry 10 marks toward the final assessment.

    WAEC Auto Mechanical Work Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main TopicSubtopics / Content Details
    WORKSHOP SAFETY AND REGULATIONS– Definition of safety and regulation. – Causes of workshop accidents. – Accident prevention techniques and safety devices (e.g. sand buckets, fire extinguishers, first aid kits, safety signs).
    TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT– Types and uses of tools: marking, measuring, holding, and cutting tools. – Types and uses of equipment: hand valves, grinders, machine tools, etc. – Maintenance of tools and equipment.
    VEHICLE LAYOUT– Types of motor vehicle chassis. – Principal components, identification and functions (engine, transmission system, chassis, etc.). – Chassis maintenance.
    AUTOMOBILE ENGINE– Types of engine design. – Identification of main components of an engine. – Line diagram of a multi-cylinder engine. – Types of cylinder liners. – Two-stroke and four-stroke cycles (spark ignition and compression ignition engines). – Advantages of four-stroke over two-stroke cycle engines. – Engine maintenance and servicing.
    TRANSMISSION SYSTEM– Transmission system layout. – Types of drives. – Components of transmission systems (clutches, gearboxes, propeller shaft, differential, etc.). – Operation of a simple plate clutch. – Types and operation of the gearbox. – Introduction to automatic transmission systems. – Conventional layout of the transmission system.
    SUSPENSION SYSTEM– Types and functions of suspension systems. – Fault finding, maintenance, and repair of the suspension system.
    STEERING SYSTEM– Components and functions of the steering system. – Types of steering gearboxes. – Manual steering faults and repairs. – Operation of power-assisted steering. – Steering geometry (camber, caster, toe-in, toe-out, etc.).
    ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM– Purpose and types of lubrication systems. – Friction and its disadvantages. – Components of the lubrication system. – Quality and viscosity of lubricants. – Oil additives and their importance.
    COOLING SYSTEM– Function and types of cooling systems. – Components of water and air cooling systems. – Comparison of air and water cooling systems.
    FUELS AND COMBUSTION– Fuel component system. – General layout and working principle of the fuel supply system. – Components and functions of the fuel system. – Types of carburetors and fuel pumps and their maintenance. – Types and properties of fuels. – Comparison of mechanical and electrical fuel pumps.
    MANIFOLD AND AIR CLEANER– Types, functions, and maintenance of: ▪ Manifold ▪ Air cleaner ▪ Muffler
    BRAKING SYSTEM– Concept of friction and operating principles. – Types of braking systems. – Faults and maintenance of mechanical and hydraulic braking systems. – Functions, advantages, and disadvantages of the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS). – Layout of the braking system.
    WHEELS AND TYRES– Types and functions of rims and tyres. – Vulcanizing process. – Regulations for tyre interchange and pressure. – Road wheel alignment and balancing.
    WORKSHOP MANAGEMENT AND ENTERPRISE– Basic concepts of management: planning, controlling, staffing, directing. – Managing resources effectively. – Concept of authority and responsibility in enterprise. – Types of enterprises. – Advantages and disadvantages of various types of enterprises in the automobile industry.

    Materials & Equipment’s

    • Equipment : Qty RequiredToolbox  with lock : 5Ball pein hammer : 5Hacksaws with extra blades : 10300 mm engineer’s rule, socket, and spanner set with ratchet  and extension : 106-32mm ring and flat spanners (combined) : 5Ring spanners (6-32mm) : 5Emery  cloth (standard) : 5Plug spanners : 5Flat spanners (6-32mm) : 5Allen keys : 5Feeler gauges : 5Oil cans : 5Grease guns : 5Spark plug cleaners : 5Combination pliers : 5Long nose pliers : 5Wire cutter : 5
    • Measuring toolsTyre pressure gauges : 5Vernier calliper : 5Surface gauges : 5Surface plates : 1Vee blocks : 6Micrometre  screw gauge : 5Dial gauge indicator with magnetic stand : 2

    Machine tools

    • Grinding machine with assorted wheels : 1
    • Bench grinder with wheels : 1
    • Valve grinding machine : 1

    Joining Metals

    • Grinding machine with assorted wheels : 1
    • Bench grinder with wheels : 1
    • Valve grinding machine : 1

    Lubrication Bay/Tyre and Wheel Service

    • Compressor (single phase motor driven type complete with spray gun, grease, hose) : 1
    • Wheel balancing machine (rim 13 – 15) : 1
    • Portable tyre inflator : 1
    • Master Vulcanizer : 1
    • Tyre changer complete with bead breaker : 1
    • Tyre repair kit comprising rasp, scissors, tyre knife, Sticher, wire brush, etc. : 2 sets
    • Service station set of the tool kit, plus special tools for removal of oil filter L : 2 sets
    • Pipe wrench, clamp/vice : 2 sets
    • Wheel alignment gauge : 1 set
    • Clutch alignment jig : 2
    • Injector test machine : 1
    • Pullers of different sizes : 2
    • Workbench with vices : 2
    • Portable engine hoist : 1

     General/Servicing and Reconditioning

    • Bottle jack (hydraulic) light and heavy : 1
    • Used vehicle tyres : 1
    • Trolley jacks : 2
    • Timing light : 1
    • Inspection pits : 1
    • Compression gauge : 2
    • Valve spring compressor (clamp) : 2
    • Coil spring compressor (for suspension) : 2
    • Torque wrench pre-set type : 2
    • Torque wrench dial type : 2

    Tools/Equipment

    • Piston ring compressor expander : 2
    • Axle stands : 5
    • Diagnostic testing machine (exhaust gas analyzer) : 1

    Other utilities

    • Fire extinguisher : 5
    • Sand buckets : 5
    • Water buckets : 5
    • Complete engine, gearbox and final drive : 1
    • Workshop overalls : 25
    • Complete vehicle engine (petrol) (chart) : 1
    • Complete vehicle engine (diesel) (chart) : 1
    • Complete vehicle and chart : 1

    WAEC Auto Mechanical Work Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Motor Vehicle Technology by J.A.DOLAN
    • Motor Vehicle Technology (Part 1,2,3 & 4) by S.C . MUDD
    • Automotive Mechanics by WILLIAM H.CROUSE and DONALD L. ANGLIN
    • Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology by V.A.W HILLIER and PETER COOMBES
    • Automotive Mechanics For Schools and Colleges by ABA .N.EJEMBI and STEPHEN DAVID

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  • WAEC Auto Body Repairs Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Auto Body Repairs Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Auto Body Repairs Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks is a comprehensive document, covering topics such as workshop safety, tools and equipment, materials, different types of metals, welding, body repair techniques (both minor and aluminum panel), plastic repairs, spray painting, and auto body workshop business management.

    Textbooks on the subject, such as “Auto Body Repair Technology 5th Edition” by Macian, are helpful, but a definitive list of recommended textbooks for the 2026/2027 exam has not been published.

    WAEC Auto Body Repairs 2026/2027examination Guidelines

    There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be composite papers to be taken at one sitting.

    Paper 1: will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which are to be answered in 1 hour for 40 marks.

    Paper 2: will consist of five essay questions.  Candidates will be required to answer any four in 1½ hours for 60 marks.

    Paper 3: will be a practical test of 3 hours and 10 minutes in duration.  It will consist of one compulsory question for 100 marks.

    A list of materials for the test shall be made available to schools not less than two weeks before the paper is taken for material procurement and relevant preparations.

    WAEC Auto Body Repairs Syllabus 2026/2027

    Main TopicSubtopics / Content Details
    SAFETY RULES AND REGULATIONS IN AUTO BODY REPAIRS AND SPRAY PAINTING– Definition of safety rules and regulations in auto body repairs and spray painting. – List of rules and regulations and their importance. – List of safety tools, equipment, and machines for auto body repairs. – Auto body dressing code (PPE): nose mask, goggles, boots, ear defenders, gloves, coveralls, etc. – Sources of accidents (human factors, machinery/equipment, and workshop keeping) and their prevention. – Factory Acts on safety rules and regulations: 1984 Amended Resource Conservation Recovery Act, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations, and Hazardous Waste Collection and Recycling (Solvent Recovery System).
    TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT– Basic hand tools: types and uses (hammers, dollies, spanners, files, ratchets, body spoons, etc.). – Power tools and equipment/machines: types and uses (drilling machine, body jack, sanders, air compressor, shaping machines, cutting machines, etc.). – Advantages and disadvantages of machines. – Uses of machines and safety precautions.
    SPRAY PAINTING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT– Spray painting tools and equipment: scrapers, brushes, funnels, paint pots, spray guns, spray body filters, air compressors, ovens, spray booths, etc. – Care and maintenance of tools and equipment.
    MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT– Definition of maintenance and its types: predictive, preventive, and corrective. – Manufacturer’s maintenance guide. – Maintenance of tools and equipment.
    MATERIALS FOR AUTO BODY REPAIRS AND SPRAY PAINTING– Auto-body repair materials. – Types of body fillers: plastic filler, fiberglass fillers, body solder (30/70 and 40/60). – Types of body abrasives: sandpapers (wet and dry), sanding discs. – Types of sealers: rubber sealers, seam sealers, undercoating. – Rivet pins: pop and solid rivets.
    SPRAY PAINTING MATERIALS– Types of paints: enamel paints and lacquers. – Undercoats: surface primer, putty/body filler, sealers. – Topcoats: lacquers and enamel paints. – Manufacturer’s paint guide: paint formula, mixing equipment, custom-mix base colours, paint labels, colour charts.
    METALS USED IN AUTO BODY REPAIRS– Types of metals: ferrous and non-ferrous (mild steel, cast iron, aluminium, brass, etc.). – Properties: fusibility, malleability, ductility, weldability, etc. – Uses of metals in auto bodies.
    HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS– Definition of heat treatment. – Types and processes: hardening, annealing, normalizing, case-hardening, tempering. – Importance of heat treatment.
    OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING AND EQUIPMENT– Definition of oxy-acetylene welding. – Safety precautions. – Oxy-acetylene welding equipment and gases (high- and low-pressure systems). – Installation of welding equipment. – Welding nozzles. – Welding defects (slag inclusion, porosity, crack, lack of penetration) and remedies.
    AUTO BODY REPAIR WORK– Minor auto body repairs. – Types of auto body: integral body, composite body. – Methods of straightening: aligning with power jack, sledgehammer, pre-bar, pull taps, heat shrinking. – Major auto body repairs. – Tools for minor repairs: hammers, dollies, spanners, screwdrivers, etc. – Major body sections: front engine compartment, passenger section, rear section. – Basic alignment principles, quarter panel cutting, lightweight panels, damaged vehicle alignment.
    ALUMINIUM AND PLASTIC REPAIRS– Aluminium panel repair steps and alignment. – Aluminium deck lid repair. – Plastic repairs: precautions, types of plastic resins (thermosetting and thermoplastic), repair by melting. – Introduction to glass fibre panel repair.
    SPRAY PAINTING PROCESS– Spray gun types: pressure feed, siphon, gravity guns. – Spray gun parts: air cap, fluid needle, air valve, trigger, body, cup, etc. – Precautions in use of spray guns. – Manufacturer’s maintenance guide. – Surface preparation for spray painting. – Types of paints used: cellulose, synthetic enamel, acrylic, metallic paints. – Importance of manufacturer’s paint code. – Special paints, variable agents (flakes, pigments), metallic paint and spray techniques (wet and dry).
    AUTO BODY WORKSHOP BUSINESS– Factors to consider in locating a workshop: capital, accessibility, land, etc. – List of tools and equipment for workshop operation.

    WAEC Auto Body Repairs Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Fundamentals of vehicle bodywork by J. Fairbrother.
    • Practical welding (The motivate series Mac-Milan texts for Industrial Vocational and Technical Education) by S. Gibson.
    • Fundamentals of motor vehicle technology, chassis and body electronics (5th Edition) Book 1, 2, and 3 by Hilliers V. A. W. and David R. Rogers.
    • Bodywork Maintenance and repair, including interiors, by Paul Browne.
    • Automotive encyclopedia by Good Heart-Willcox.
    • Auto body repair and repainting by Bill Tobold.

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  • WAEC English Language Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC English Language Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC English Language Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks includes: comprehension, summary, and the correct use of English. The syllabus for Literature-in-English for 2026-2030 has also been released and includes specific textbooks for each part of literature, such as Shakespearean, African, and non-African prose, drama, and poetry.

    For English Language, you will need to prepare for reading, comprehension, summary, vocabulary, and listening and speech components, while for Literature, you will need to study the selected textbooks from the 2026-2030 list we will publish below.

    WAEC English Examination Guidelines 2026/2027

    The exam consists of three papers — Papers 1, 2, and 3 — all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 form a composite paper that will be taken together.

    Paper 1, for candidates in The Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, contains eighty multiple-choice questions divided equally between lexical (vocabulary) and structural (grammar) sections. Each question offers four options (A–D), and the paper is to be completed in one hour for a total of 40 marks.

    Paper 2, taken by all candidates, includes five essay topics and comprehension and summary passages. Candidates are required to write one essay and answer all questions based on the passages. This paper tests both written expression and reading comprehension skills. It lasts for two hours and carries 100 marks.

    Paper 3 focuses on oral English skills — it includes sixty multiple-choice questions testing pronunciation, stress, and intonation for candidates in Nigeria and Liberia, while those in The Gambia and Sierra Leone take a Listening Comprehension Test. This final paper lasts 45 minutes and is worth 30 marks.

    WAEC English Language Syllabus 2026/2027

    WAEC ENGLISH SYLLABUS
     PAPER 1: (For candidates in The Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Liberia only)

    This is an objective/multiple choice paper comprising eighty questions: forty lexical and forty structural questions. Each question will have four options lettered A to D.
    SNTOPICSOBJECTIVES
    ALEXISI.. (a) Building and Building Construction;
    (b) Agriculture;
    (c) Fishing;
    (d) Stock exchange;
    (e) Health;
    (f) Environment;
    (g) Culture, Institutions and Ceremonies;
    (h) Law and Order;
    (i) Motor Vehicles and Travelling;
    (j) Government and Administration;
    (k) Sports;
    (l) Religion;
    (m) Science and Technology;
    (n) Animal husbandry;
    (o) Advertising;
    (p) Human Internal Body system and function.



    II. Idioms, i.e. idiomatic expressions and collocations (e.g. ‘hook, line and sinker’, ‘every Tom, Dick and Harry” etc.) the total meaning of which cannot be arrived at simply by consideration of the dictionary meanings of the words in the structures in which they appear.

    III. Structural elements of English e.g. sequence of tenses, matching of pronouns with their antecedents, correct use of prepositions etc.

    IV. Figurative Usage
    BSTRUCTUREStructure here includes:

    (i) The patterns of changes in word-forms which indicate number, tense, degree, etc;
    (ii) The patterns in which different categories of words regularly combine to form groups and these groups in turn combine to form sentences;
    (iii) The use of structural words e.g. conjunctions, determiners, prepositions, etc.
     PAPER 2: (For all candidates)

    The paper will be divided into three sections: Sections A, B and C. Candidates will be required to spend 2 hours on this paper.
    AESSAY WRITINGThe topics will demand the following kinds of writing:

    (i) letter;
    (ii) speech;
    (iii) narration;
    (iv) description;
    (v) argument/debate;
    (vi) report;
    (vii) article;
    (viii) exposition;
    (ix) creative writing.

    Marks will be awarded for:
    (i) Content: relevance of ideas to the topic;
    (ii) Organization: formal features (where applicable), good paragraphing, appropriate emphasis and arrangement of ideas;
    (iii) Expression: effective control of vocabulary and sentence structure;
    (iv) Mechanical Accuracy: correct grammar, punctuation, spelling etc.

    The minimum length will be 450 words.
    BCOMPREHENSIONThe questions will test candidates’ ability to


    (i) find appropriate equivalents for selected words or phrases;
    (ii) understand the factual content;
    (iii) make inferences from the content of the passage;
    (iv) understand the use of English expressions that reveal/reflect sentiments/emotions/attitudes;
    (v) identify and label basic grammatical structures, words, phrases or clauses and explain their functions as they appear in the context;
    (vi) identify and explain basic literary terms and expressions;
    (vii) recast phrases or sentences into grammatical alternatives.

    The passage will be chosen from a wide variety of sources all of which should be suitable for this level of examination in terms of theme and interest. The passage will be written in modern English that should be within the experience of candidates. The comprehension test will include at least four questions based on (ii) above.
    CSUMMARYCandidates will be required to spend 40 minutes on this section. The section will consist of one prose passage of about five hundred (500) words and will test candidates’ ability to

    (i) extract relevant information;
    (ii) summarize the points demanded in clear concise English, avoiding repetition and redundancy;
    (iii) present a summary of specific aspects or portions of the passage.

    The passage will be selected from a wide variety of suitable sources, including excerpts from narratives, dialogues and expositions of social, cultural, economic and political issues in any part of the world.
     PAPER 3: Oral English
    ATEST OF ORALSThe test will also be of the multiple-choice objective type consisting of sixty questions on a wide range of areas or aspects of Orals as contained in the syllabus.
    The test will cover the following areas:

    1. Vowels – pure vowels and diphthongs;
    2. Consonants and clusters;
    3. Rhymes;
    4. Word stress/Syllable Structure;
    5. Emphatic Stress/Intonation Patterns;
    6. Phonetic Symbols

    WAEC English Language Textbooks 2026/2027

    • Attah, M. O. (2013). Practice in Spoken English for Intermediate and Advanced Learners, Maiduguri: University of Maiduguri Press.
    • Bamgbose, A. (2002). English Lexis and Structure for Senior Secondary Schools and colleges (Revised Edition), Ibadan: Heinemann
    • Banjo, A. et al (2004). New Oxford Secondary English Course Book Six for Senior Secondary Schools, Ibadan: UP Plc.
    • Caesar, O. J. (2003). Essential Oral English for Schools and Colleges, Lagos: Tonad Publishers Limited
    • Daniel Jones (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Egbe, D. I (1996). Mastering English Usage and Communication Skills, Lagos: Tisons
    • Elugbe, B. (2000). Oral English for Schools and Colleges, Ibadan: Heinemann
    • Grant, N. J. H, Nnamonu, S. Jowitt, D. (1998). Senior English Project 3, (New Edition) Harlow: Longman
    • Idowu, O. O, Sogbesan, T. S, Adofo, A. K. Burgess, D. F and Burgess, L. J. (1998). Round-up English: A Complete Guide, Lagos: Longman
    • Idris, U. (2001). Oral English at Your Fingertips for Schools and Colleges, Lagos, M. Youngbrain Publishers
    • Igiligi, E. C. and Ogenyi, S. O. (2010) Grammar and Composition in the G.S.M. Age, Enugu: Joe Hills Production Services
    • Jauro, L. B. (2013). Oral English for Schools and Colleges: A teaching and Learning Approach, Yola: Paraclete Publishers.
    • Nnamonu, S. and Jowitt, D. (1989). Common Errors in English, Lagos: Longman
    • Obinna, M. F. (2001). University Matriculation Use of English,(Fourth Edition) Port Harcourt: Sunray Books Limited
    • Ogunsanwo, O. Duruaku, A. B.C, Ezechukwu, J and Nwachukwu, U. I (2005). Countdown English Language, (Revised Edition), Ibadan: Evans
    • Olatoye, S. (2006). The Silent Teacher, Ado-Ekiti: Segun and Sons Enterprises
    • Oluikpe, B. O. A, Nnaemeka, B. A, Obah, T. Y, Otagburuagu, E. J. Onuigbo, S. and Ogbonna, E. A. (1998). Intensive English for Senior Secondary School 3, Onitsha: Africana – FIRST Publisher.
    • Tomori, S. H. O (2000). Objective Tests for School Certificate English: Practice in Lexis, Structure and Idiom (Reprinted Edition), Ibadan: Heinemann
    • Ukwuegbu, C, Okoro, O., Idris, A. U., Okebukola, F. O. and Owokade, C. O. (2002). Catch-up English for SSCE/UME, Ibadan: Heinemann

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  • WAEC Igbo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Igbo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Igbo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks includes a list of recommended textbooks for written literature, such as the prose “Juo Obinna” by Tony Ubesie. The syllabus is divided into two papers and covers language skills (comprehension, composition, grammar, and translation) and literature (oral and written). The main topics include Igbo culture, sound systems, and various forms of oral literature like folktales, proverbs, and poems.

    Objectives

    • After acessing this syllabus, students must be able to speak, read and write Igbo properly and communicate effectively in it
    • Candidates must familiarize themselves with the sound system, grammatical structures and other features of the Igbo language
    • Students must expose themselves to the Igbo culture – customs, institutions, worldview, etc
    • Candidates should provide them with the necessary tools needed for creative writing and appreciation of Igbo language and literature

    Recent Posts

    WAEC Igbo Examination Guide

    The examination will consist of two papers—Paper 1 and Paper 2—which together form a composite paper to be taken in a single sitting. All instructions will be written in Igbo, and candidates must answer all questions using the standard orthography and metalanguage of the Igbo language.

    Paper 1 will be an objective test comprising 60 multiple-choice questions to be answered within one hour, totaling 60 marks. It is divided into three sections: Language (Section A), Literature (Section B), and Culture (Section C). Section A will include 30 questions on various aspects of language such as comprehension (10 items), composition/letter writing (4 items), sound system (6 items), grammar (6 items), and translation (4 items). Section B will focus on literature, with 22 questions covering both oral and written literature. Topics include basic principles of literary appreciation (4 items), oral and written prose, poetry, and drama (3 items each). All literature questions, except those on literary appreciation, will be based on the set texts for Paper 2. Section C will cover culture with 8 questions—4 on customs and 4 on institutions.

    Paper 2 is a composition-based test that will also have three sections matching those in Paper 1: Language, Literature, and Culture. Candidates will be required to answer six out of thirteen questions provided. This paper will last two hours and carry a total of 100 marks. Further details about the structure and expectations of Paper 2 are provided in the syllabus.

    WAEC Igbo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks


    WAEC IGBO LANGUAGE SYLLABUS
    SNTOPICSOBJECTIVES
     PAPER 1
    ALANGUAGEi. Comprehension (2 short passages)
    ii. Composition/letter writing
    iii. Sound system
    iv. Grammar
    v. Translation
    BLITERATUREi. Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation
    ii. Oral Literature (Prose, Poetry, Drama)
    iii. Written Literature (Prose, Poetry, Drama)
     PAPER 2
    AESSAYPart I: Composition/ Letter Writing
    Candidates are advised not to spend more than 45 minutes on this section. There will be five topics from the following essay types and candidates will be expected to write on one of them in about 300 words:

    (1) Narrative;
    (2) Descriptive;
    (3) Argumentative;
    (4) Expository;
    (5) Dialogue;
    (6) Debate;
    (7) Letter writing.



    Part II: Sound system
    Two questions will be set for candidates to answer one of them. The questions will test candidate’s basic knowledge of the following areas:

    (a) Igbo Phonemes: Vowels, Consonants, the Syllabic nasal,
    (i) their production, and
    (ii) their classification.

    (b) Syllable Structure.

    (c) Sound Processes: vowel harmony, vowel assimilation, vowel elision and consonants elision.

    (d) Tone and tone notation.

    (e) The Igbo alphabet.



    Part III: Grammar
    Two questions will be set for candidates to answer one of them. The questions will test candidate’s knowledge of the following areas:

    (a) Spelling rules.
    (b) Word formation.
    (c) Igbo dialects and Standard Igbo.
    (d) Loan words.
    (e) Igbo metalanguage (new words).
    (f) Word classes: The noun, verb, pronoun, conjunction, preposition, etc.
    (g) Grammatical categories: tense, number and person.
    (h) Phrases and Clauses: their types and functions.
    (i) Sentences: i. their constituents and types. ii. Sentences containing Direct and Indirect Speech.
    (j) Lexis and Structure.
    (k) Punctuation marks.
    BLITERATUREPart I: Oral Literature
    Three questions will be set for this part and candidates will be required to answer only one of them. All questions in this section will be based on the prescribed texts. In this part, candidates will be required to have basic knowledge of the following:

    (a) Definiton and characteristics of oral Literature
    (b) Classification and functions
    (c) Literary devices
    (d) Folktales (ifo)
    (e) Anecdotes (ụkabụilu)
    (f) Legends (nkọkịrịkọ/akụkọ dike)
    (g) Myths (nkọmịrịkọ/akụkọokike/mmalite)
    (h) Poems (abụ)
    (i) Songs (uri)
    (j) Proverbs (ilu)
    (k) Riddles (agwụgwa)
    (l) Chants (mbem)
    (m) Oral drama (ejije ọnụ)
    (n) Tongue twisters (okwuntụhi)



    Part II: Written Literature
    Three questions will be set for this part and candidates will be required to attempt only one. All questions in this section will be based on the prescribed texts.
    CCULTUREThe following areas will be covered.

    Customs – Omenala
    (a)i. Njirimara ndị Igbo-asụsụ, ejiji, omenala, ekpemekpe , agbambọ, dg.
    ii. Ekele ndị Igbo n’oge dị icheiche.
    (b) Mmemme -ọjị, ịtụ nzụ, ịkwọ aka ụtụtụ, ịgọ ọfọ, dg.
    (c) Nnabata ọbịa.
    (d) Ọmụmụ nwa – ile ọmụgwọ, ibi ugwu, ikupụta nwa, ịgụ aha, ịzụ ahịa nwa, ịhụ eze, dg.
    (e) Nkwenye – ịlọ ụwa, ọgbanje, nrọ, ihi/isi anụ, ịha/ịchụ mmiri, dg.
    (f) Emume – ọfala, ịbọ ụzọ, ịwa ji/iri ji, igbu ewuukwu,iru mgbede, ịwa akwa, akwamozu, ịgba mkpe, ịgụ afọ, mbarị, ụdara, dg.
    (g) Egwuregwu – egwu ụmụaka, ịgba/ịchụ oro, ịtụ okwe, ịzụ nchọrọkọtọ, ịkpọ okwe, mgba, ịkpọ ọga, okoso, egwu ọnwa, dg.
    (h) Nsọala/Arụ – ihensọ, ebensọ, anụnsọ, osisinsọ, ime ibeeṅe.
    ii. Institutions – Ewumewu
    (a) Ewumewu ọchịchị – ezinaụlọ, ndị eze ọdịnala, nze na ọzọ, ụmụọkpụ/ụmụada, otu ọgbọ, otu nzuzo, otu inyomdi, ụmụnna, ogbe, obodo.
    (b) Ewumewu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya – alụmalụ, ezinaụlọ, ịgọ ọgọ, nwanwa/nwadiala, ịgba ndụ, ịgba orikọ
    (c) Echichi – Lọọlọ, Iyọm, Ọmụ, Ezeji, Jioke, Atama.
    (d) Abamaba – Mmọnwụ,Ọkọnkọ, Ekpe, Ọmabe, Odo, Dibịa.
    (e) Ewumewu akụnaụba – ike ekpe, iri ekpe, ala na ihe dị na ya.
    (f) Akaọrụ – ịkpụ ụzụ, ịgba nta, ịkụ azụ, ọrụugbo, ịkwa nka, ịkpụ ite, dg.
    (g) Ewumewu ofufe – ịgba afa, ịchụ aja, dg.
    (h) Ngwa ofufe – ọfọ, ikenga, okpesi, ogu, ọtọnsi , dg
    (i) Ihe ofufe – Ndịichie, Arụsị, Ikenga, Ala, Mmụọ mmiri, Arụsị/ Agbara dịka Ogwugwu, Ahịajiọkụ, Agwụ, Amadịọha, Kamalụ, Agbala, Ibini Ụkpabị, Ojukwu, Igwekaala, Idemmili, dg.

    WAEC Igbo Textbooks 2026/2027

    YEARPROSE POETRYDRAMA
    1981-1983Oral  –     Omalinze
    Written – Urunwa Obinna    		Abu Na Egwuregwuodinala
    Utara Nta    		Obidiya 
    1987Written      ChinagoromAbu Na Egwuregwuodinala
    Akpa UcheEke Nne    		Ugomma
    1988Written         ObiefunaAkpaUcheAkuFechaa
    1989Written        UwaezuokeAkpaUcheAkuFechaa
    1990Written       UwadiegwuNkemakolamObidiya
    1998-2000Oral Oka Mgba 
    Written Dinta OkpaAkuEriEri    		MbemnaEgwu Igbo
    AkubunduAkpaUche    		Onwukube
    OkweAgbaala
    2002-2005Oral      omalinze
    Written    Juochi/Adaeze    		Abx Na Egwuregwuodinala
    Utara Nta
    EchicheMiri Emi    		UdoKaMma
    Aju Obi
    2006-2010Oral Oka Mgba
    Written Iheojoo GbaaAfa    		Abu Akwamozu
    Echiche    		NwataBulieNnaYaElu
    2011-2015Oral Mbediogu
    Written UjaDufuo Dike    		Abu Na Egwuregwu
    Uche Bu Akpa    		Aturu

  • WAEC Islamic Religious Studies (IRS) Syllabus 2026/2027

    WAEC Islamic Religious Studies (IRS) Syllabus 2026/2027

    WAEC Islamic Religious Studies (IRS) Syllabus 2026/2027: Covers the historical and contemporary development of Islam, the life of the Prophet Muhammad, the Qur’an and Hadith, and the practical application of Islamic teachings in daily life. Key topics include the six articles of faith, the five pillars of Islam (including . detailed study of Sawm, Zakat, Hajj), family matters like marriage and divorce, and Shariah law.

    Objectives

    • Students must learn the historical and contemporary development of Islam, as well as the lessons learnt from them
    • Students are expected to learn the spiritual, moral, socio-economic and intellectual roles of Islam role of Islam in society
    • Students must also learn the practical application of Islamic teachings in daily life

    Islamic Religious studies Exam Guide

    The Islamic studies examination will consist of two papers, Papers 1 and 2, both of which will be put into a composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

    PAPER 1:

    Will comprise fifty multiple-choice questions, all of which should be answered within 50 minutes for 50 marks.

    PAPER 2:

    Will consist of six essay questions, one of which will be compulsory. Candidates will be required to answer the compulsory question and any three of the optional ones in 2 hours for 100 marks.

    WAEC Islamic Religious Studies (IRS) Syllabus 2026/2027

     WAEC SYLLABUS FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
    SNTOPICSOBJECTIVES
    1THEME
    1PART 1
    TARIKH (HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM)    		1. The Jahiliyyah: Arabia before Islam. Description of Arabia – Location
    Social Life – Marriage, divorce and inheritance.
    Religious life – Idol worship and names of major gods / idols. Political Life System of Government
    Economic Life – Sources of livelihood
    The Reforms introduced by Islam on the Jahiliyyah practices.

    2. The life of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)
    (i) Birth

    (ii) Marriage

    (iii) Call to prophethood and his mission

    (iv) Hijrah: Causes, Course and Significance

    (v) Formation of the Ummah and the Madinan Constitution

    (vi) Leadership qualities of the Prophet

    (vii) The Battles: Badr, Uhud and Khandaq. (causes, courses and effects.)


    (viii) The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: terms and outcomes.

    (ix) Conquest of Makkah.

    (x) The Farewell Pilgrimage: description, sermon and its lessons.

    (xi) Death.

    3. The Khulafᾱ‘ur-Rᾱshidīn (The Rightly – guided Caliphs): Abu- Bakr Ibn Abī Quhhᾱfah, ‗Umar Ibn al-Khattᾱb, ‗Uthmᾱn Ibn ‗Affᾱn and ‗Ali Ibn Abī Tᾱlib.

    – Their biographies
    – Their contributions to Islam
    – Lessons learnt from their lives

    4. Islam in West Africa

    (i) The advent and roles of traders, teachers, murᾱbitun, sufi orders, mujaddidun (reformers) and Hajj in the pread of Islam.

    (ii) The Impact of Islam on the Socio-Political, Economic and Linguistic Lives of the Peoples of ancient West African empires (i.e. Ghana, Mali, Shonghai and Kanem- Borno.
     Part 2 Qu’ran1. (a) Revelation of the Qur‘an: visits of the Prophet (S.A.W.) to Cave Hira ; first revelation and his reaction to it, different modes of revelation, piecemeal- revelation of the Qur‘an.

    (b) Preservation of the Qur‘an: Complete arrangement including distinction between Makki and Madani Suwar; Recording; Compilation;
    Standardization: Roles played by the Companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) in the Preservation of the Qur‘an.


    (c) Importance of the Qur‘an:

    The Qur ‘an as a source of guidance in social, political, spiritual and moral matters.

    (d) Reading (in either Arabic Text or Transliteration), Memorization, Meaning of the following suwar and the lessons learnt from them (Identification, Explanation, Interpretation and Application);

    Suratul – Fatihah (Q.1)
    Suratud – Duha (Q.93)
    Suratut – Tin (Q.95)
    Suratul – ‗Alaq (Q.96: 1-5)
    Suratul – Qadr (Q.97)
    Suratul – Kafirun (Q.109)
    Suratun – Nasr (Q.110)
    Suratu l – Ikhlas (Q.112)
    Suratu l – Falaq (Q.113)
    Suratun – Nas (Q.114)


    Moral Lessons from the Qur‘an
    (a) Attitudes to Parents (Q.17 :23 – 24: 31 : 13 – 15

    (b) Honesty in Words and Deeds Q2: 42; 61: 2-3, 17: 35.

    (c) Prohibition of Gambling Q. 2:219:5 90-91.
     Part 3 Hadith1. (a) Definition of Hadith and Sunnah.


    (b) Differences and similarities between Hadith and Sunnah

    (c) The Importance of Hadith and Sunnah.

    (d) Parts of the Hadith: ‗Isnad, Matn and Rawi.
    (e) Criteria for authenticity of Hadith

    (f) Classification of Hadith: Sahih, Hasan and Da‗if.

    (g) The Six Sound Collections of Hadith (Sihaus-Sittah) and their Compilers.

    2. Reading (in either the Arabic Text or Transliteration). Memorization, Meaning of the following Ahadith and lessons learnt from them (Identification, Explanation, Interpretation and Application): an-Nawawi‘s Collection. 1, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15,16,18,34 and 41.
     PART 4
    TAWHID AND FIQH (ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AND JURISPRUDENCE)    		(i) Meaning and Significance of Iman (Faith)
    (ii) Articles of Faith: Belief in Allah with emphasis on Kalimatush- Shahadah(Q2: 163 and 255; 3:18;17:42-43;21: 22 ; 23: 91 Q. 112, Islam and the concept of Trinity (Q.4:171; 5:75 – 76; 19:92-3; 112).
    (ii) His angels – Q 2: 285; 8:50; 16: 2; 66: 6 ; 82: 10 – 12.

    (iii) His books – Q.2: 2; 2:285; 87: 19 – 19; 5:46.

    (iv) His Prophets with special emphasis on the Ulu1-‗Azm: Ibrahim, Nuh, Musa, ‗Isa.(A.S.) Muhammad (S.A.W.) Q. 6: 83-87: 4: 164; 10;47;21:107;46:35 and ahadith relevant to the foregoing.

    (v) The Day of Resurrection, Judgement: Eternal Life Q 20: 15:32:10-20: 36: 78-70; 75: 3-13.

    (vi) Destiny – Qada‘ and Qadar; Distinction between the two Concepts (Q.3: 145:25:2:76:3:87:3).


    2. Shirk (Associating Partners with Allah)

    (i) Worship of idols (Q.4:48:22:31:31:13:41:37):

    (ii) Ancestor and Hero- worship Q 3:64; 4:116;112:4; Q.2:13,40&41


    3. Taharah (Purification)

    (i) Importance of Taharah

    (ii) al- Istinja‘

    (iii) al-Wudu‘

    (iv) at-Tayammum

    (v) al-Ghusl


    4. Salat:
    – Meaning of Salat.
    – Importance of Salat.
    – Acts that vitiate Salat
    – Joining a Congregational Salat.
    – Sujudus-Sahwi (Prostration of Forgetfulness.)

    – Kinds of Salat and how they are observed:

    (i) Obligatory Salat (Subh/Fajr, Zuhr, ‗Asr, Maghrib and ‗Isha‘i.)

    (ii) Non-Obligatory Salat ( Nawafil that accompany the obligatory salawat, Duha, witr, etc.)

    (iii) Special prayers (Jum‗ah, ‗Idayn, Janazah, Istisqa‘ Tarawih, Kusufayn and Istikhara.)

    (iv) Salatus-Safar (Salat on a journey
      6. Sawm (Fasting): Detailed study of Sawm with emphasis on the Spiritual, Social and Moral Objectives.
    (i) Definition
    (ii) Types of Sawm (compulsory and voluntary)
    (iii) Examples of compulsory fast (Ramadan, Kaffarah and Nadr)
    (iv) Examples of voluntary fast (Shitta Shawwal, ‗Ashura‘and Tasu‗a, fasting on Mondays, fasting on Thursdays, etc.)
    (v) Voluntary fast
    (vi) How fasting is observed in Islam
    (vii) Ramadan Fast
    (viii) Those Exempted from Fast
    (ix) Things that vitiate Fast
    (x) Benefits/Significance of Sawm—spiritual, social and moral.

    7. Zakat (Charity): Detailed Study of Zakat with emphasis on the Spiritual, Socio-Economic and Moral Objectives:

    (i) Definitions of Zakat and Sadaqah
    (ii) Difference between Zakat and Sadaqah
    (iii) Articles on which Zakat is paid
    (iv) The Nisab of Zakat
    (v) Zakat on Livestock
    (vi) Zakat on Money
    (vii) Zakat on Agricultural Products
    (viii) The Beneficiaries of Zakat (Q.9:60)
    (ix) Zakatul-Fitr.
    (x) Benefits of Zakat – Spiritual, Socio-economic and Moral.


    8. Hajj (Pilgrimage): Detailed study of Hajj and ‗Umrah with emphasis on the Spiritual, Socio-Economic and Moral Values.

    (i) Definition and Origin of Hajj and ‗Umrah.
    (ii) Pre-requisite to the performance of Hajj
    (iii) Performance of ‗Umrah and Hajj
    (iv) Acts that affect the validity of Hajj
    (v) Types of Hajj (Ifrad, Tamattu‗ and Qiran)
    (vi) Rites of Hajj
    (vii) Significance of Hajj (spiritual, socio-economic and moral objectives of Hajj.

    9. Shari ‘ah:
    (i) Definition;
    (ii) Sources (the Qur‘an, the Sunnah, the Ijma‗ and the Qiyas.)
    (iii) Significance.

    10. Nikah (Marriage):
    (i) Concept (Q.16:72:24:32; 30;21: the Hadith ―O young man……….‖.
    (ii) Prohibited Categories (Q.2221; 4:22-24);
    (iv) Conditions governing validity (Q. 4: 4, 21, 24-25): al-Bukhari 67: 29, 37, 42, 49, 51-52, Abu-Da‘ud 12:29-31:
    (v) Rights and duties of husband and wife(Q.2.228- 230:20:132;33:33,41:34;65:6)
    (vi) Law prohibiting the Ill-treatment of Wife (Idrar) Q 65:6


    11. Talaq ( Divorce) :
    (i) Islam‘s Attitude (Q.4: 35): the Hadith ―of all things lawful…….most hateful to Allah‖ (Abu- Da‘ud 13:31);

    (ii) Kinds – Talaq; Khul‗; Faskh; Mubara‗ah, Zihar and Li ‗an. (Q.2:228 – 230: Q.65).
    (iii) ‗Iddatut-Talaq (Waiting Period for a Divorced Woman): Meaning, Duration and Implication.

    WAEC Islamic Religious Studies (IRS) Texbooks 2026/2027

    • The Holy Qur’an (text, translation and commentary). A. Yusuf Ali
    • The meaning of The Glorious Koran (An explanatory translation by Mohammed Marmaduke Picktall) I.P.B., Lagos Nigeria.
    • Islamic Religious knowledge for WASC Book 3 Hadith. M. Bushir Sambo and Mohammed Higab I.P.B., Lagos, Nigeria.
    • Islamic Religious knowledge for WASC Book 2 Figh. M. Bushir Sambo and Mohammed Higab I.P.B., Lagos, Nigeria.
    • Islamic Religious knowledge for WASC Book 1 Qur’an and Tafsir. M. Bushir Sambo and Mohammed Higab I.P.B., Lagos, Nigeria
    • The life of Muhammad by Haykal Printed in Nigeria 1982.
    • Islam in Focus by Hammudah Abdalati I.P.B., Lagos Nigeria.
    • Islamic Studies for Secondary Schools Books 1 & 2 by Lemu I.P.B., Lagos. And Islamic Education Trust, Minna.
    • Selected traditions of an-Nawawi by M.O.A., Abdul I.P.B., Lagos.
    • Studies in Islam series Books 1m – 5 by M.O.A., Abdul I.P.B., Lagos.
    • AL-‘IZZIYYAH for English audience by Quadri Y.A., and Oloyede, I.O. Shebiotimo Publications, Ijebu Ode.
    • Islamic Religious Knowledge for Senior Secondary School series 1 -3 by Seriki and Badmos – B and B.P. Abeokuta.
    • Yasin wal-Qur’an – by S.H.A., Malik Ilesanmi Press, Ilesha.
    • The Classical Caliphate by M.O.A. Abdul. I.P.B., Lagos.
    • West Africa And Islam, P.B. Clarke, Edward Amold.
    • A. History of Islam in West Africa, J.S. Trimingham, Oxford University Press.
    • Islam in West Africa, J. S. Trmingha, Oxford University Press.
    • Islamic Studies for SSS Books 1 & 2 by B. “Aisha Lemu I.P.B., Lagos.
    • Essentials of Islamic Studies Books 1 & 2 by M.O. Raheemson. M.D. & P.S. Lagos.
    • 40 Hadith: An Explanation by Dr. Yushau Sodiq Published by J.S. Printing, USA in 2011.
    • Sulemana, M. (2004). Islamic Studies. Capital Publishing. Accra, Ghana.
    • Muhammad Jamiu Yunus (2011). Islam: The Religion of Peace. Alanisek Gen.Concept Publications Ijebu-Ode.

    Recent Posts

  • WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

    The WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2026/2027 covers three papers: Paper 1 (Oral Arabic), Paper 2 (Essay, Comprehension, Translation, and Lexis & Structure), and Paper 3 (Literature). The literature component focuses on specific recommended textbooks, with authors and works like Al-Mutanabbi and Hafiz Ibrahim featured in the 2026-2030 syllabus. The grammar and structure portion of the syllabus includes topics such as noun characteristics, plurals, verb conjugations, and derivatives.

    Scheme Of the Examination

    The exam consists of three papers. Paper 1 and Paper 2 will be taken together, while Paper 3 is separate.

    Paper 1 is the Objective section, lasting 50 minutes, and covers comprehension, Arabic translation, and grammar. The total score for this paper is 25%, with 15 marks allocated to comprehension (7.5%), 20 marks for translation (10%), and 15 marks for grammar (7.5%), for a total of 50 marks.

    Paper 2 is the Theory section, lasting 2 hours, and focuses on composition and literature. The total score for this paper is 60%, with 40 marks allocated to composition (24%) and 60 marks for literature (36%), for a total of 100 marks.

    Paper 3 is the Oral section, lasting 15 minutes, and tests students’ speaking and pronunciation skills. This section is worth 15% of the total exam score, with a total of 30 marks.

    WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2026/2027


    WAEC ARABIC SYLLABUS
    SNTOPICSOBJECTIVES
     PAPER I: OBJECTIVE
    1COMPREHENSION15 questions will be set based on 3 Arabic passages of about 70 words each
    on topics within the experience of the candidates with 5 multiple-choice questions
    on each passage.
    The comprehension carries 15 marks
    2TRANSLATIONThe Arabic text for translation must deal with things which the candidates are familiar with.
    The texts must have essential vocalization and punctuation.
    The translation carries 20 marks.
    3GRAMMARParts of Speech
    i. Nouns, pronouns, singular, dual, sound and broken plurals as well as relative and demonstrative pronouns.

    ii. Gender: masculine and feminine. Prepositions and construct phrases.

    iii. Adjectives, conjunctions, the permutative and the emphatic.

    iv. Verbs: The perfect, the imperfect and the imperative.

    v. Particles governing imperfect verbs: Nominal and verbal sentences

    vi.Kanna, Inna, Zanna and the respective associates.

    vi. Transitive and intransitive verbs, the five verbs and conjugation of verbs. Numbers (from one to one thousand.) Transitive and intransitive verbs, the five

    vii. Active and passive voices.

    viii. The verbal noun, the active participle, the passive participle, the elative and special adjectival forms.
      PAPER II: THEORY SECTION
    4COMPOSITIONThe composition in Arabic will be about 120 words. Four essay topics will be set; one of then should be fornal or informal letter. Only one of the topics should be chosen.

    Consideration will be given to orderly and coherent presentation of ideas, use of

    appropriate diction and style, as well as correct spelling, punctuation and grammar. The

    type of the essay will be narrative, descriptive, argumentative or in the form of a

    dialogue. The composition carries 40 marks.
    5LITERATUREThere will be five questions in this part spread over the four periods of Arabic Literature.

    Candidates will be required to answer four questions in all-a compulsory question and

    any other three
     PAPER III: ORAL TEST
    6ORAL TESTThe test will include:

    ا عبد الله بن محمد بن فودي : تزيين الورجات المطبعة

    جامعة إبان . مرتضى بر ماضي مستقبل اللغة العربية في نيجيريا

    دار النشر الإسلامية لا غموس ٩٧ دام

    احمد الإسكندري والآخرون : المفصل في تاريخ الأدب العرية الأول والثانى ) وزارة المعارف العمومية القاهرة. زكريا حسين : المادية الأدبية الطلاب العربية في تغرب افريقيا دار النور او

    WAEC Arabic Textbooks 2026/2027

    • ا عبد الله بن محمد بن خودی : تزيين العرينات مطبعة جامعة اب
    • مرتضى برماضي المستقبل اللغة العربية في نيجيريا دار النشر الإسلامية لا غموس ٧ عام
    • احمد الإسكندري والآخرون : المفصل في تاريخ الأدب العديد : الأول والثاني ) وزارة للعارف العمومية – القاهرة . زكريا حسين المادية الأدبية الطلاب العلامة في الحرب افريقيا دار النور اولشان.
    • RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS
    • (A) COMPOSITION, COMPREHENSION, TRANSLATION AND ORALS
    • ا سید حمزة مالك : المرشد في الانتماء العربي والكتابة
    • الأول والثاني، دار النشر الإسلامي لا غموس ۱۹۸۲. اسحاق أو غنبيه القصص الشعبية من السلحفاة
    • عند اليوريا وبين ، آبادن وكنو.
    • محمد بديع شريف وسلیم حکیم والحاج حسین آدم: العربية الجديدة في نيجيريا الكتاب الكالة او تعمال النجا لا تموید
    • قاموس جيد عربي – انجلين وعربي
    • (ANMAR
    • المحمد أجروم الصهابي : متن الاجرومية – القاهرة
    • على الجازم ومصطفى أمين : النحو الواضح المدارس المرحل الأولية الجزء ١-٢ المعارفي القاهرة .
    • محمد عبد العليم حجاب : العربية الحديثة الجزء السم دار الشعر الإسلامية، لا تموس.
    • I.A., B Balogun and Z.I Oseni: A Modern Arabic Course Book 1, Lagos. Islamic Publications Bureau 1982.
    • David Cowan: Modern Literary Arabic, London: Cambridge University Press and Lagos. I.P.B
    • J.A Haywood and H.M Nahmad: A New Arabic Grammar of the Written Language. London Lund Humphries, 1965.