WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2026/2027

By WAEC2026 January 5, 2026 Blog, WAEC Specimen 2026 0 Comments

WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2026/2027 are specific biological samples (plants, animals, parts, models, food items) used for identification, observation, drawing, and experiments. They differ yearly but typically include common organisms like prawns, earthworms, insects (butterflies, mosquitoes, and ants), plant parts (leaves, seeds, and flowers), feathers, bones, and sometimes prepared slides/models of internal structures or diseases (like moldy bread) for identification and drawing tasks, requiring candidates to use tools like hand lenses to detail features like morphology, adaptation, and pest damage.

Free live WAEC May/June 2026 Biology practical specimen questions and answers for school candidates at no cost. Join the WAEC 2026/2027 free Biology practical EXPO

This guide presents the official WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2026/2027, explains each specimen, shares practical preparation tips, outlines what examiners expect, and answers common student questions.

The aim is to help you prepare early, avoid surprises, and approach the biology practical exam with confidence.

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WAEC Biology Practical Specimen 2026/2027

2025 Biology Specimen and materials:
Specimen A: Bean weevil;
Specimen B: Bean seeds (with holes);
Specimen C Waterleaf plant (whole):
Specimen D: Quill feather of a domestic fowl;
Specimen E Pineapple fruit (longitudinal section);
Specimen F: Orange fruit (transverse section);
Specimen G—Raw egg of a domestic fowl (freshly procured with shell
intact);
Specimen H—test tube containing 3 ml of water (placed on a test tube
rack);
Specimen J—Longitudinal section of boiled egg (with shell)
(b) It is essential that each candidate be provided with the
following materials:
(i) a hand lens/magnifying lens;
(ii) beaker;
(iii) plastic syringe (without needle);
(iv) sodium hydroxide;
(V) 1% copper sulphate solution;
(vi) scalpel;
(vii) test tube;
(viii) test tube rack;
(ix) Bunsen burner.

LIKELY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Specimen A (Bean Weevil) vs Specimen B (Bean Seeds with Holes)

a) Make a well-labeled drawing (10–12 cm) of Specimen A (Bean Weevil).

Title: Diagram of Specimen A

b. Describe the life cycle of specimen A
Life cycle: Egg → Larva → Pupa → Adult (Complete metamorphosis)
Specimen A – Bean Weevil Callosobruchus maculatus
c. Explain how bean weevils affect stored grains.

Effect on grains:

Larvae burrow into seeds, reducing viability (1 mark)
Infested grains lose weight (1 mark)

Leads to contamination (1 mark)
i. State the habitat of specimen A.
: Dry stored grains or legumes (especially cowpea/beans).
d. Identify two adaptive features of bean weevils
Adaptive features:
Hard exoskeleton for protection (1 mark)
Small body size for easy grain penetration
Description of Bean Weevil (Specimen A):
Small beetle-like insect with head, thorax, and abdomen.
Has distinct antennae and chewing mouthparts.
Possesses six jointed legs for mobility.
e. Compare Specimens A and B using the table below:

Observable Differences

Observable Similarities:

Both are small in size.
Both are hard in texture.
Both have visible outer coverings.

f. Explanation of Holes in Bean Seeds (Specimen B):

Holes result from weevil larvae feeding inside the seeds.
Larvae hatch from eggs laid in seeds and burrow through the seed coat.
The relationship is parasitic—the insect damages the seed’s viability.
g. How to prevent damage to specimen B
Storage in airtight containers
Use pesticides/fumigant/insecticides
Freezing
Radiation of seeds.
h. Type of germination in specimen B is Epigeal

2. Using Specimen C (Whole Waterleaf plant), describe its overall morphology.

a. Describe the observable features of a waterleaf plant.

Waterleaf plants have broad, soft, and green leaves
Presence of succulent stem
Shallow fibrous root system.
Simple leaves arranged alternately along the stem.
Reticulate (net-like) venation is visible under a hand lens.

b. Explain the importance of waterleaf in human nutrition.

Rich in vitamins
Contains essential minerals
High fiber content aids digestion

c. State two observable differences between the upper and lower
surfaces of waterleaf leaves.

The upper (adaxial) surface is generally darker green, smoother,
and may be glossier.
The lower (abaxial) surface is paler, may have a slight fuzziness or
more visible stomata.

d. Identify adaptive features of waterleaf plants.

A high water content in the leaves helps the plant survive in droughtprone areas.
Rapid growth and regeneration allow it to recover quickly after partial
defoliation.
-Broad leaves increase light interception for photosynthesis.
Venation facilitates efficient transport of water and nutrients*.

e. Explain the role of waterleaf plants in erosion control and
improving soil structure.

Their dense root systems help bind the soil, reducing erosion caused
by wind and water.
The plant canopy intercepts rainfall, lessening the impact of raindrops
and preventing soil particle displacement.
The plant’s fibrous roots help improve soil structure and prevent
compaction.
Decomposing leaves add organic matter and nutrients back into the
soil.
It contributes to nutrient cycling by returning essential elements to the
soil upon decomposition.

f. Describe the reproductive structures of waterleaf plants.

Structures of biological importance in Specimen D

Presence of Quill feather: serves as waterproof/protection/keeps the bird warm/insulation;
The vane is flat/broad to provide surface area for flapping during flight/against desiccation.
rachis/shaft, which is centrally placed, to provide point of attachment to barbs/strengthen the feather;
barbs with hooks; interlock to form the vane;
the overlapping arrangements of Quill feathers over the body of birds allow smooth movement/little resistance in flight.
coloration of the quill feather; enhances courtship display/camouflage.

Waterleaf plants have small flowers that typically contain both stamens (male parts) and pistils (female parts). After pollination, these flowers give rise to fruits that house the seeds.

g. State two ways waterleaf plants can be propagated.

Propagation via seeds: Mature seeds are collected and sown under
favorable conditions.
Vegetative propagation: Cuttings from the plant’s stem can be
replanted to form new individuals.

Specimen D – Quill Feather of a Domestic Fowl

Penalty: minus 1 mark for no tabulation.

Specimen E (Pineapple) vs Specimen F (Orange)

a) Make labeled drawings of Specimen E (longitudinal section) and Specimen F (transverse section).

a. Describe the observable features of Specimen E

Answer

Fibrous central core
Yellow, fleshy edible part
Few black spots indicating undeveloped seeds
The pineapple fruit has a rough, spiky outer skin in a brownish-green
color with visible segmented “eyes”
It is crowned by long, green leaves

State some economic importance.

Used in juice and fruit salad production.
Pineapple is rich in vitamin C and bromelain,
It aids digestion, and provides dietary fiber
It contains essential minerals like manganese
It is a source of income

Pineapple fruits are typically propagated vegetatively.
Type of Fruit: It is a multiple or composite fruit
Specimen F – Transverse Section of Orange Fruit
Title: Diagram of the Transverse Section of Orange Fruit
State three observable features.
Answer:

Radial segment arrangement
Juicy pulp with vesicles
Presence of seeds in some segments

d. Compare observable features:

**Observable features between pineapple and orange** |2025 WAEC biology practical

c. Observable Similarities:

Both are fleshy fruits.
Both have juicy interiors.
Both show clear layers when cut.
Both are yellow to orange in color.
Type of Fruit: Hesperidium (Berry)

Specimen G (Raw Egg) vs Specimen J (Boiled Egg)

2025 WAEC Biology Practical | specimen G and J

a. Make a labeled drawing of Specimen J (longitudinal section).

**2026 WAEC Biology Practical specimen J**

Title: Diagram of the longitudinal section of Specimen J

Magnification (Mg) (x1- 1½)
Details (D)
Yolk centrally located (YC)
Cut surface shown in double lines(CS)
Big albumen shown (BA)
Labels (L)
Shell; egg white/albumen; yolk; air
space, shell membrane, chorion.
Function of labelled parts
. Shell: Protection/aeration/shape/gaseous
exchange;
• Shell membrane: allows gaseous
exchange;
. Albumen: Supplies protein;
• Yolk: Provides food for embryonic
growth/embryo;
• Air space: allows exchange of gases;
• Chorion: protects the embryo/yolk sac.

Compare observable features:

Observable Similarities:

Both have shell, yolk, and albumen.
Both are oval-shaped.
Both are similar in size.
Both show two internal regions upon cutting.

Food Test Experiment Using Specimen G (Raw Egg)
Protein Test: Biuret Test
Materials Needed:

Specimen: Raw egg (Specimen G)
Equipment & Reagents:
Test tube
Plastic syringe
Beaker (for dilution if necessary)
Sodium hydroxide solution
1% Copper sulphate solution
Procedure:

Collect a sample of egg albumen.
Transfer it to a clean test tube*
Add 2–3 drops of sodium hydroxide to create an alkaline medium.
Add 2–3 drops of 1% copper sulphate solution
Swirl the test tube gently to mix.
Observe:

A violet/purple colour change indicates protein presence

Conclusion

Many students are already searching for the WAEC Biology Specimen 2026 and how to prepare for the practical exam. If you’re sitting for the 2026 biology practical, this article serves you more. While theory is important, the specimen list is your main guide—it shows the exact materials and organisms to expect, helping you practice early and avoid mistakes.

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