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WAEC Civic Education Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

By October 29, 2025 Blog, WAEC Syllabus 2026 0 Comments

The WAEC Civic Education Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks: covers topics like citizenship, rights and duties, human rights, the structure of government, democracy, and emerging societal issues. Key textbooks include “Basic Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools” by Ukegbu and “Elements of Politics” by Anifowose and others.

WAEC Civic Education Examination Guidelines 2026/2027

Civic Education is one of the four compulsory subjects for every candidate sitting for the WAEC examination. It focuses on topics that promote good citizenship, understanding of governance, human rights and responsibilities, civic participation, and awareness of social issues.

The subject helps students develop the knowledge and values needed to contribute positively to national development and participate effectively in democratic processes.

The Civic Education exam consists of two papers—Paper 1 and Paper 2—which are written together as a composite paper. Paper 1 is a one-hour multiple-choice test made up of fifty questions drawn from the entire syllabus, carrying a total of 40 marks.

Paper 2 is a two-hour essay paper divided into three sections: A, B, and C. Each section contains three questions, and candidates must answer four questions in total, ensuring they select at least one question from each section. This paper carries 60 marks.

The three sections of Paper 2 cover key areas of the syllabus. Section A focuses on national ethics, discipline, rights, and obligations.

Section B addresses emerging issues in society, such as social problems and global concerns. Section C examines governmental systems and processes, helping students understand how government functions and how citizens can engage with it.

WAEC Civic Education Syllabus 2026/2027

WAEC SYLLABUS FOR CIVIC EDUCATION
SNTOPICSOBJECTIVES
 THEME
1Values1) Definition,
2) Types,
3) Importance of values to the society.
2Citizenship and Nationalism1) meaning of citizenship;
2) meaning of citizenship education;
3) goals of citizenship education;
4) duties and obligations of citizens;
5) meaning of nationalism;
6) ways of promoting national consciousness, integrity and unity in the society;
7) the nationalistic roles of individual and groups;
8) identification of local and world civic problems.
3Human Rights1) meaning of human rights;
2) categories of human rights;
3) characteristics of human rights;
4) meaning and historical background of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR);
5) meaning and identification of the seven core freedoms of UDHR;
6) importance of UDHR;
7) roles of individual, groups and government in UDHR;
8) limitations to the exercise of human rights.
4Law and Order1) definition of Law and Order;
2) features of Law and Order;
3) importance of Law and Order in the society;
4) meaning of constituted authority;
5) types of constituted authority;
6) importance and roles of constituted authority.
5Responsible Parenthood1) meaning of responsible parenthood;
2) roles of responsible parents;
3) importance of responsible parenthood in national development.
6Traffic Regulations1) meaning of traffic regulations;
2) traffic regulation and its importance in the society;
3) the roles of the individual and government in maintaining traffic regulations.
7Inter- Personal Relationships1) meaning of inter-personal relationships;
2) types of interpersonal relationships;
3) skills that promotes interpersonal relationships;
4) meaning of inter communal relationships;
5) importance of inter communal relationships;
6) meaning of inter-communal conflicts.
7) skills for resolving inter-communal conflicts.
8Cultism1) meaning and origin of cultism;
2) different cult groups in Nigeria and their symbols;
3) reasons for cultism;
4) consequences of cultism;
5) ways of preventing cultism in the society.
9Drugs and Drug Abuse1) meaning of drug abuse;
2) drugs that can be abused;
3) how drugs are abused;
4) symptoms of drug abuse;
5) behaviours of drug addicts;
6) ways of preventing drug abuse;
7) government agencies working to prevent drug abuse/trafficking and their activities;
8) laws against drug abuse.
10Human Trafficking1) meaning of human trafficking;
2) causes of human trafficking;
3) effects and consequences of human trafficking;
4) efforts of government and individuals in stopping human trafficking.
11Hiv/Aids1) meaning of HIV/AIDS;
2) causes of HIV/AIDS;
3) symptoms and effects of HIV/AIDS;
4) prevention of HIV/AIDS;
5) stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS.
12Youth Empowerment1) meaning of youth empowerment;
2) youth empowerment skills;
3) importance and benefits of youth empowerment skills.
4) efforts of government towards youth empowerment.
13Structure and Functions of Government1) meaning of government;
2) structure/tiers of government;
3) functions of government.
14Democracy, Rule of Law and National Development1) meaning, types, and features of democracy;
2) importance of democracy;
3) pillars of democracy;
4) problems of democracy;
5) meaning of rule of law;
6) features of rule of law;
7) importance of rule of law;
8) problems of rule of law;
9) meaning of national development;
10) how democracy and Rule of law promote national development- good governance, employment creation and poverty alleviation etc.
15Political Apathy1) meaning of political apathy;
2) causes of political apathy;
3) consequences of political apathy;
4) why leaders fail to protect the interests of their followers;
5) how leaders can protect the interests of their followers;
6) ways of discouraging political apathy.
16Civil Society and Popular Participation1) meaning of popular participation;
2) types of popular participation;
3) the need for popular participation in the society;
4) traditional and modern modes of popular participation;
5) achieving popular participation in politics;
6) meaning of civil society;
7) functions / need for civil society;
8) qualities / characteristics of civil society; i.e. accountability, fairness, justice, equity etc.
9) problems of civil society; i.e. bribery and corruption, inadequate funding, over bearing influence of foreign donors etc.
17Public Service in Democracy1) meaning of public service;
2) functions of public service;
3) problems of public service;
4) reasons for the shortcomings in the public service;
5) ways of improving the public service.

WAEC Civic Education Textbooks 2026/2027

  • ADAMOLEKUN, L.Politics and Administration in Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd, 1986.
  • ADEBAYO, A.Principles and Practice of Public Administration in Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd, 2000.
  • ANIFOWOSE, R. & F. ENEMUO (eds)Elements of Politics. Lagos: Sam Iroanusi Publications, 1999
  • APPADORAI A.The Substance of Politics, Eleventh Edition. Madras: Oxford University Press, 1975.
  • BANJI, K. Citizenship Education. Lagos: Dedun Educational Books, 1976.
  • FGN 1999 Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria as Amended. Abuja: Federal Government Press, 2011.
  • LEAP AFRICA. Rage for Change, a Guide for Young Nigerians who Desire to Make a Difference. Lagos: Leap Africa, 2008.
  • MENEKE, O.A. and NWEBO, I. Milestone Comprehensive Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1 & 2. Owerri: Milestone Publishers Limited, 2012.
  • NWAUBANI, O.O. Citizenship Education and Nigerian Culture. Lagos: T-Excel Publishers, 2000.
  • OGUNBAMERUN, O.A. Reading on Campus Secret Acts. Ile-ife: O.A.U Press Ltd, 1997.
  • OKUNLOYE, R.W., et al. Civic Education for Senior Secondary, Books 1, 2 & 3, UBE Edition. Lagos: Learn Africa PLC, 2011.
  • OLURODE, L. & O. SOYOMBO (eds). Readings in Campus Violence. Lagos: John West Publications Ltd, 2004.
  • ONI, E.O., et al. Straight-Gate Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1 & 2. Ibadan: Straight-Gate Publishers Ltd, 2012.
  • OYEDIRAN, O., et al. Government For Senior Secondary Schools. Lagos: Longman Nig Ltd, 1990.
  • OYEDIRAN, O. Introduction to Political Science. Ibadan: Oyediran Consults International, 1998.
  • TANYA, R.H. HIV/AIDS: Hope in the Midst of Despair. Lagos: Megarona (West Africa) Ltd, 2005.
  • UKEGBU, M.N., et al. Basic Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools, SS 2. Owerri: Maybiks Nigeria Publisher.
  • UNO. Human Right: the International Bill of Human Rights. New York: United Nations Organization, 1993

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