WAEC Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

By WAEC2026 November 18, 2025 Blog, WAEC Syllabus 2026, WAEC Textbooks 0 Comments

WAEC Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks topics include refrigeration and air-conditioning, covering principles, system components (compressors, condensers, evaporators), refrigerants, performance analysis, and practical skills such as demonstrating system operation. For textbooks, students should look for resources that cover these specific topics, which may include standard textbooks on refrigeration, air conditioning, and related vocational subjects.

Contents

1 Examination Guidelines
2 Paper 1:
3 Paper 2:
4 Paper 3:
5 WAEC Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Syllabus 2026/2027
6 WAEC Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Textbooks 2026/2027
7 Recent Posts

Examination Guidelines

The examinations shall consist of three papers, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 shall be composite and will be taken in one sitting.

Paper 1:

This will consist of forty compulsory multiple-choice questions. Candidates will be allowed 1 hour for the paper. It will carry 40 marks.

Paper 2:

There shall be five essay questions, out of which candidates will be expected to answer any four in 1 hour 30 minutes for 60 marks.

Paper 3:

There shall be two practical questions. The candidate is expected to answer one of them within 2 hours for 100 marks.

A list of materials (cutting list) shall be made available to the schools not less than two weeks before the paper is taken for their procurement and preparation for the examination.

The candidate shall carry out the task in the presence of an examiner.

Alternatively, the Council may consider using the alternative to practical work testing method in the event of constraints on requisite facilities. In this case, two compulsory questions shall be made available for candidates to answer within 2 hours for 100 marks.

The paper shall test candidates’ real-life experience in the workshop, abilities to identify and use requisite tools, use of measuring instruments, troubleshooting, etc.

Free-hand sketches of hand tools, circuits, and wiring diagrams of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems may also be required.

WAEC Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Syllabus 2026/2027

MAIN TOPIC	SUBTOPICS / DETAILS
Safety and First Aid in the Workshop	• Workshop rules and regulations • Safety devices: helmet, goggles, safety boots, gloves, overall, apron, sandbags, fire extinguishers • Identification & operation of fire extinguishers • Accidents: causes & prevention • First aid materials, charts, posters, first aid box • Application of first aid materials
Energy, Matter and Power	• Energy (forms & concepts) • Nature of matter • Power (definition & units)
Temperature and Pressure	Temperature: concept, thermometer types (gas, resistance, liquid, thermocouple) • Temperature scale conversion: °C↔°F, °C↔K, °F↔Rankine • International temperature points: boiling point of oxygen –182.97°C, triple point of water 0.01°C, boiling point of water 100°C. Pressure: concept, devices – barometer, manometer, bourdon gauge • Demonstration of barometer • Suction & high-pressure gauges and their use in refrigeration
Gas Laws	• Boyle’s law • Charles’ law • Dalton’s law • General gas law calculations: P₁V₁=P₂V₂; P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂; V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂; (P₁V₁)/T₁=(P₂V₂)/T₂ • Plotting temperature scales
Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Systems	• Refrigeration cycle: evaporation, compression, condensation, expansion • Layout diagrams • Types/forms of refrigeration & applications • Principles of operation • Components & accessories: relay, solenoid valves, capacitor, thermostat
Refrigerants	• Definition & types • Cylinder colour identification • Chemical names & formulae • Properties & uses • Refrigerant flow control devices: TEV, AEV, capillary tube • Operation of flow-control devices
Psychrometry & Air Conditioning	• Psychrometric properties of air • Sling psychrometer demonstration • Air-conditioning processes: heating & cooling • Latent & sensible heat, saturated & supersaturated vapour • Demonstration using methylated spirit
Compressors, Condensers & Evaporators	Compressors: types, construction, working principle Condensers: construction, servicing, heat-load calculation, liquid receiver & service valves (types and operation) Evaporators: types, construction, servicing, working principle, heat-load estimation
Workshop Practices	• Basic tools: hacksaw, coil-spring benders, reamers, tube cutters • Tools/procedures for servicing window AC • Servicing window AC • Fault diagnosis: systematic & observation • Common refrigeration faults: leakage, faulty compressor, poor cooling, current leakage • Repair & troubleshooting techniques • Testing: leakage, polarity, insulation continuity, pressure, efficiency • Demonstration of all tests • Maintenance of compressors, evaporators, motors, condensers, valves, accumulators, contactors • Demonstration of repairs
Installation Processes	• Concept of piping, ducting, trunking • Piping condenser & evaporator • Installation of AC ducts & trunking • Installation of split units • Piping/ducting/trunking tools: mallet hammer, flaring tool, silver tape, dot-punch, bending spring, armaflex, hacksaw, PVC pipes
Motors and Generators	• Types, functions, operation, applications • Installation procedures • Maintenance & servicing in RAC system
Cold Rooms	• Working principles • Installation procedures • Factors affecting cold room operation • Insulation processes & importance • Types of insulation materials: glass wool, fibreglass, polystyrene foam, wood, bitumen, ceramic • Properties & functions of insulation materials • Insulating procedure
Entrepreneurship	• Concept of business enterprise: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability • Sources of finance: loan, mortgage, shares, overdraft, savings • Marketing styles: types & functions • Low-cost effective marketing • Marketing survey for setting up RAC business • Marketing protocol & costing
Principles of Accounting	• Business as a separate entity • Ledger, trial balance & balance sheet • Preparation of ledger & balance sheet
Facilities & Major Equipment Required	• Toolbox (3) • Oxy-acetylene brazing set (2) • Pillar drilling machine (1) • Power grinding machine (1) • Portable hand drill (2) • Table grinder (2) • Vacuum pump (1) • Recovery/recycling machine (1) • Spotter recovery pump (2) • Table vice (4) • Workbench (2) • Hand blower (1) • DOT cylinders (big 1, medium 1) • Manifold gauge (2) • Reamers (4) • Pipe benders (1 set) • Ratchet wrenches (2) • Hacksaws (4) • Pliers (various types) • Screwdrivers (set ×4) • Mallet hammers (2) • Ball-pein hammers (2) • Electronic leak detector (1) • Electronic charging scale (2) • Trolley (1) • Halogen touch light (1) • Alcometer (1) • Refrigerants: R134a, R600a, R717

WAEC Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Textbooks 2026/2027

Ananthranrayazan P. N. (2005) Basic refrigeration and air conditioning 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Whitman, W. C. Johnson, W. M. (1995) Refrigeration’s Air-conditioning Technology 3rd Edition, Delmar Publisher, Albany, N. Y.
Rajput R. K. (2006) Refrigerant and air-conditioning 1st Edition, S. K. Kataria and Sons, Naizarak, Delhi.
Roy J. Dossat. Principles of Refrigeration 4th Edition, Spectrum Publishers.

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