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WAEC Food and Nutrition Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Food and Nutrition Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks: covers core topics including the importance of nutrition, basic nutrients, meal planning, food safety, and preparation methods. It includes an introduction to food and nutrition, basic food nutrients and their functions, and special nutritional needs for different age groups and health conditions.

Aims and Objectives

Candidates must acquire basic knowledge about foods and nutrition;
Candidates Must understand the relationship between nutrition and health;
Candidates Must identify career opportunities in foods and nutrition and acquire skills for further studies;
Candidates must apply the general principles underlying meal planning, selection, preparation and serving of food to feed families and other consumers for different occasions;
Candidates must understand the need for planning an efficient and safe kitchen;
Candidates must choose, use, care and store kitchen equipment and tools effectively;
Candidates must appreciate the importance of sanitation in kitchen food preparation and service;
Candidates must apply basic principles underlying food processing, storage and preservation; acquire basic knowledge in consumer education;
Candidate s must acquire research skills and use the information to experiment, develop and improve local dishes;
Candidates must set up a business in the food industry using all the basic skills acquired.

Marking Guide

There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2, and 3 all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be composite paper and will be taken in one sitting.

PAPER 1: This will comprise sixty multiple-choice questions, all of which are to be answered within 1 hour for 60 marks.

PAPER 2: This will comprise six essay questions out of which candidates will be required to answer four. The paper will carry 40 marks and will last 1 hour and 15 minutes.

PAPER 3: This will be a practical test of 3 hours duration. It will carry 100 marks and will be conducted by a visiting examiner.

WAEC Food and Nutrition Syllabus 2026/2027

WAEC FOOD & NUTRITION SYLLABUS
TOPICS	OBJECTIVES
NUTRITION & HEALTH	i. Introduction to Foods and Nutrition (a) Meaning (b) Basic knowledge of Nutrition (c) Importance of Human Nutrition (d) Factors affecting Foods and Nutrition (e) Food Habits ii. Careers associated with Foods and Nutrition. (a) Careers associated with Foods and Nutrition (b) Factors that influence career choices (c) Characteristics required for Foods and Nutrition careers iii. Basic Food Nutrients (a) The nutrients and their nutritive values (b) Functions of the different nutrients (c) Sources of the different nutrients (d) Dietary deficiencies (e) Metabolism, (digestion and absorption of foods carbohydrate, protein and fat) (f) Knowledge and use of food composition table (g) Food tests: simple physical and chemical tests of food stuffs to detect presence of nutrients in foods e.g. proteins, fats and carbohydrates iv. Meal Management a) Meal Planning (i) Meal planning terms (ii) Reasons for planning meals (iii) Factors in planning meals (iv) General principles of meal planning (v) Meal patterns b) Special Nutritional Needs (i) Nutritional needs for different groups e.g. pregnant, lactating mothers, infants and children, adolescents, adults and the aged, vegetarians. (ii) Planning meals for people in health condition e.g. HIV & AIDS, invalids, convalescents, overweight, underweight, hypertension, diabetes etc
FOOD LABORATORY & EQUIPMENTS	i. The kitchen (a) Types of kitchen e.g. traditional, modern, institutional. (b) Planning different types of kitchen. (c) Factors to consider when planning. (d) Cleaning agents and abrasives (commercial and local) ii. Kitchen equipment and tools (a) Classes and types of equipment (b) Selection, use, care and storage of large and small equipment, fixtures and appliances iii. Safety in the kitchen (a) Types of kitchen accidents (b) Causes and prevention of accidents (c) Content and use of first aid box (d) Simple first aid treatment iv. Sanitation in the kitchen (a) Personal Hygiene (b) Kitchen Hygiene e.g. general cleaning, waste disposal, pests and pest control (c) Food hygiene e.g. handling of foods, food borne diseases, food sanitation laws
FOOD COMMODITIES	i. Animal and animal products – milk and milk products e.g Cheese, yoghurt, eggs, meat, poultry, fish etc. a) Kinds/types and structure -Selection -Storage ii. Cereals/grains (a) Kinds and forms (b) Importance of cereals and grains: – versatility – thickening – cheap source of energy/good source of roughage iii. Fruits and vegetables (a) Classification of fruits/Classification of vegetables. (b) Structure, nutritive value and storage. (c) Important of fruits and vegetables in the diet, etc iv. Legumes and oily seeds (a) Classification of legumes, oily seeds (b) Importance of legumes and oily seeds in the diet, etc. v. Fats and oils (a) Kinds and classification – vegetable fats and oils – animal fats and oils (b) Uses in diet (c) Uses in the body (d) Health implications of fats and oils vi. Starchy roots and plantain (a) Types of starchy roots (b) Types of plantain (c) Types of dishes
FOOD STORAGE & PRESERVATION	i. Food spoilage (a) Meaning of food spoilage (b) Causes and agents of food spoilage ii. Food preservation (a) Meaning and importance of preservation (b) General principles underlying food preservation (c) Methods of food preservation iii. Food storage (a) Meaning and importance of food storage (b) Storage of perishable and non perishable foods (c) Storage space and equipment e.g. refrigeration, deep freezer, cupboards, shelves, granaries, barns etc
FOOD PREPARATION	i. Principles underlying cooking (a) Explanation of the concept of cooking (b) Reasons for cooking food ii. Methods of cooking (a) Moist heat methods e.g. boiling, stewing, steaming etc. (b) Dry heat methods e.g. baking, roasting, grilling, frying etc. (c) Effects of heat on different food commodities e.g. animal products, cereals and grains, fats and oil etc iii. Transfer of heat Methods of heat transfer and meaning – Convection – liquid, gases – Radiation – space – conduction – solid metal iv. Cooking terms Explanation of cooking terms v. Food additives (a) Definitions (b) Types of food additives (c) Functions of additives (d) Selection and use of additives (e) Food adulteration vi. Flour Cookery and Confectionery a) Types of flour •Types of flour •Ingredients in flour •Uses of flour b) Basic ingredients in Flour cookery – Flour, fat, sugar, eggs c) Raising agents •Types of raising agents, i.e., steam, carbon dioxide and air •Sources:- boiling liquid – steam, baking powder – carbon dioxide whisking – air d) Batters and doughs • Batters (Types, Uses of batters. Dishes using batter) • Doughs ( biscuits, classification, rubbed in, creamed, whisked, melted, sponge mixtures) e) Cakes (rubbed in, creamed, whisked, melted, sponge mixtures) f) Pastries •Types of Pastries (Shortcrust, suet, flaky, etc.) •Principles underlying pastry making •Pastry dishes e.g. turn over; jam tartlets, cornish pasties, etc. g) Yeast Mixtures •Definition •Ways of preparing yeast mixture •Important points in preparing yeast mixture •Yeast dishes – bread loaves, bread rolls, doughnut h) Cake Decoration icing •Types of icing e.g. butter icing, royal icing •Uses of icing •Preparation of icing •Using royal icing and butter icing
BEVERAGES	i. Classification of beverages (a) Non-alcoholic beverages (coffee&tea, cocoa drink, milk & egg drinks, fruit juices & fruit drinks, beef tea & lemon grass) (b) Alcoholic (beer, wine)ii. Importance of beverages a) Nutritive valueiii. Principles underlining the preparation of a beverage a) Tea, coffee, cocoa, etc
CONVENIENCE FOODS	i. Types of convenience foods ii. Selection and uses of convenience foods iii. Advantages and disadvantages of using convenience foods iv. Preparation of dishes using convenience foods
RECHAUFFÉ (LEFTOVER) FOODS	i. Explanation ii. Importance of using leftover goods iii. Rules/guidelines for using leftover foods iv. Rechauffé dishes 9. Festive Dishes/Special Occasion Dishes i. Explanation ii. Occasions for festive dishes iii. Types of festive dishes/special occasion dishes iv. Preparation of festive dishes/special occasion dishes
FESTIVE DISHES / SPECIAL OCCASIONS DISHES	i. Explanation ii. Occasions for festive dishes iii. Types of festive dishes/special occasion dishes iv. Preparation of festive dishes/special occasion dishes
ART OF ENTERTAINING	i. Entertainment (a) Explanation (b) Types of parties (c) Occasions for parties (d) Points to consider when selecting types of parties (e) Factors that contribute to the success of parties ii. Table setting and etiquette (a) Explanation e.g. table setting, cover, etc (b) Setting tables and tray for different meal and occasion (c) Table appointments (d) Table manners/etiquette iii. Meal Service Style (a) Types of meal service – Informal meal service – formal meal service (b) Factors determining choice of service styles types of party (c) Foods for special occasions e. g. birthday, naming ceremonies, weddings etc. (e) Factors that contribute to the success of parties
EXPERIMENTAL COOKERY	i. Research into Local dishes and Drinks (a) Importance of research in Foods and Nutrition (b) Collection of information (data) (c) Research into local dishes (d) Development of new recipes (e) Improving existing recipes based on methods of preparation, Nutritive value, time and energy use and service/ presentation ii. Experiments (a) Using fruits e.g. passion fruit, samia, royal palm fruit (b) Other types of flour e.g. root, cereal and legumes, etc
CONSUMER EDUCATION	i. Consumer Education (a) Meaning and principles (b) consumer agents ii. Food Budgeting (a) Explanation (b) Factors to consider when budgeting iii. Food Purchasing (a) Guidelines for shopping for food (b) Guidelines for bulk purchasing (c) Reasons for buying in bulk (d) Advantages and disadvantages of bulk purchasing
SELF – EMPLOYMENT	i. Setting up and managing a catering enterprise (a) Explanation of terms – entrepreneur – entrepreneurship – enterprise (b) Characteristics of an entrepreneur (c) Advantages and disadvantages of an entrepreneur (d) Setting up a catering entrepreneur (e) Some catering enterprises (f) Factors contributing to the success of an enterprise ii. Work ethics (a) Explanation of work ethics (b) Good work ethics iii. Packaging (a) Explanation of Food Packaging (b) Reasons why food is packaged (c) Qualities of packaging materials (d) Types of packaging materials

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November 10, 2025

WAEC Fisheries (Alternative B) Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

WAEC Fisheries (Alternative B) Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks covers topics like aquaculture, environmental conditions, fish culture, and preservation. Specific textbooks are not officially listed, but students should focus on materials covering these core areas. Recommended textbooks should cover topics from the syllabus, such as aquaculture techniques, fish farming methods, fish feed and materials, and fish processing.

Aims and Objectives

Candidates must know the importance of fisheries in the socio-economic development of West Africa
Candidates must improve their skills in fish farming
Candidates must have basic entrepreneurial skills in fisheries-related vocations
Candidates must see the effects of water pollution on fishery resources
Candidates must know the fish preservation and processing techniques.

Examination Guides

There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken at one sitting.

PAPER 1: Will consist of forty multiple choice objective questions, all of which should be answered within 40 minutes for 40 marks.

PAPER 2: Will consist of six essay questions. Candidates will be required to

Answer four questions within 2 hours for 80 marks.

PAPER 3: This will be a practical paper for school candidates and an alternative to a practical work paper for private candidates. Each version of the paper will consist of four questions, all of which should be answered within 1½ hours for 60 marks.

REQUIREMENTS

Schools offering Fisheries must have at least a small glass/plastic tank/aquarium and a fish pond/concrete tank.
The study should be supplemented by visits to well-established fish farms, fisheries research institutions, fishing companies and other institutions related to fisheries.
It is recommended that candidates keep practical notebooks which should contain records of activities based on laboratory and individual observations carried out in glass tanks/aquaria and fish farms, field trips and also records of specimens collected.
Schools should prepare an album of fishery organisms, fishing gear and craft and different fish-rearing facilities and equipment for teaching purposes.

WAEC Fisheries (Alternative B) Syllabus 2026/2027

S.No.	Topic	Sub-Topics
1	Introduction to Fisheries	– Meaning of Fisheries- Sub-divisions of Fisheries- Importance of Fisheries
2	Processes of Fish Production	– Capture Fisheries – Different Methods Involved in Capture Fisheries – Materials Required for Capture Fisheries and Their Uses- Culture Fisheries – Identification of Common Qualities of Culturable Fish Species – Identification of Common Culturable Fishery Organisms – Culture Facilities
3	Types of Fish Culture Facilities and Culture Systems	– Fish Ponds – Types of Fish Ponds – Components of Fish Ponds- Systems of Aquaculture – Types of Aquaculture – Management Systems in Aquaculture
4	Water Quality Control and Monitoring	– Definition of Water Quality- Water Quality Parameters- Methods of Monitoring Water Quality- Water Pollution- Optimum Water Parameter Ranges
5	Fish Feeds and Feeding	– Fish Feed/Food Materials- Identification of Different Fish Feed/Food Materials- Nutritive Value of Fish Feed Ingredients- Fish Feeding – Feeding Regime for Fish – Ideal Feeding Periods for Fish – Methods of Feeding
6	Fish Pond Preparation and Management	– Fish Pond Construction– Pond Preparation – Tools Required for Pond Preparation – Preparation of Ponds for Stocking- Pond Management – Meaning of Pond Management – Pond Management Practices
7	Fish Harvesting and Post-Harvesting Processes	– Materials and Methods for Harvesting Fish- Fishing Gear- Construction and Mending of Fishing Gear- Methods of Fish Harvesting- Fishing Crafts- Post-Harvest Handling of Fish – Materials and Methods for Processing Fish – Methods of Fish Preservation – Packaging Materials for Fish – Marketing Channels for Fish
8	Fish Seed Production	– Brood Stock Selection and Handling – Differences Between Male and Female Sexually Mature Fishes – Qualities of Good Breeders – Ways of Handling Brood Stock- Artificial Breeding – Meaning and Importance of Artificial Breeding – Steps Involved in the Artificial Breeding of Fish – Equipment and Materials Used in Artificial Breeding of Fish- Managing and Nursing Fish Seed
9	Practical Fisheries	– Fish Culture – Environmental Conditions in Fish Habitats – Tools and Equipment Used in Fish Culture – Common Culturable Fish Species – Fish Feed and Materials – Materials for Pond Preparation- Fishing Gear and Craft – Fishing Gear – Fishing Craft- Fish Processing and Preservation – Equipment Used in Fish Processing and Preservation – Fish Products and By-products – Fish Packaging Materials

FACILITIES AND MAJOR EQUIPMENT

DO(Dissolved Oxygen) meter : 2
pH meter: 2
Conductivity meter : 2
Thermometer : 50
Water Test Kits : 2
Microscopes : 4
Magnifying Glass : 30
Aquaria Tanks : 5
Hatching Troughs : 5
Nursery Tanks/Ponds : 3
Demonstration Ponds : 1 or more
Scoop Nets : 10
Aerators and Accessories : 10
Plastic Sieves : 10
Compounded Feeds : many bags
Grinding Machines : 2
Charts and Pictures : Assorted
Video Clips in Fisheries : Assorted
Pelleting Machine : 1
Dissection Kits : 2
Water pumps : 2
Secchi Disc : 2
Model Gillnet : 1
Model Cast net : 1
Model Siene net : 1
Model traps : Assorted
Model hooks and line : 2
Model trawl net : 1
Netting materials : Assorted
Hooks packets : 20
Nylon ropes : 1
Mounting twine : 1
Canoe : 1
Paddles : 2
Gutting knives : 10
Measuring boards : 5
Weighing balances : 2
Hand gloves : 30
Freezers : 2
Ovens : 2
Kilns : 2
Fish drying racks : 2
Fish boxes : 5
Salting trays/basins : 5
Sun-drying mats : 5
Cardboards box : 5
Nylon : 10 (bundles)
Baskets : 10

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November 10, 2025

WAEC Ibibio Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Ibibio Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks for the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) cover the language’s grammar, literature (includingprose, poetry, and drama), and culture. The aim is to ensure candidates can communicate competently, understand their culture, and appreciate literature through reading and writing skills.

Aims and Objectives

To enable candidates to speak, read and write competently in Ibibio and communicate effectively within their environment
To expose the candidates to their culture, customs and institutions
To get candidates acquainted with the necessary tools needed for creative writing and the appreciation of Ibibio language and literature
To familiarize candidates with the sound system, grammatical structures and other features of the Ibibio language.

Examination Guidelines

The examination will consist of two papers—Paper 1 and Paper 2—which together form a composite paper to be taken in one sitting. All instructions and rubrics will be written in Ibibio, and candidates are expected to answer entirely in the language, using the standard orthography and approved metalanguage.

Paper 1 will be an objective multiple-choice test containing 60 questions to be answered in 1 hour for a total of 60 marks. It will be divided into three sections: Language (Section A), Literature (Section B), and Culture (Section C).

Section A: Language will have 30 questions, covering comprehension (10 items), composition and letter writing (4), sound system (6), grammar (6), and translation (4).
Section B: Literature will include 22 questions, distributed as follows: Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation (4 items), Oral Literature—prose (3), poetry (3), drama (3)—and Written Literature—prose (3), poetry (3), and drama (3). All questions except those on literary appreciation will be based on the set texts prescribed for Paper 2.
Section C: Culture will contain 8 questions—4 on customs and 4 on institutions—bringing the total to 60 items.

Paper 2 will be a 2-hour composition test, worth 100 marks. Like Paper 1, it will have three sections: Language (A), Literature (B), and Culture (C). Candidates will be required to answer six questions out of thirteen provided. Further details about the specific requirements and structure of this paper are outlined in subsequent sections of the examination syllabus.

WAEC Ibibio Syllabus 2026/2027

Section	Part	Details	Topics/Content
Section A: Essay	Part 1: Essay/Letter Writing	Time: 45 minutes	Essay Types: – Narrative – Descriptive – Argumentative – Expository – Dialogue – Proverbial – Letter Writing
		Requirement: Choose one topic and write about 300 words
	Part 2: Sound System	Time: 1 Question to attempt	Content Areas: – Vowels, Consonants, Syllabic Nasals: Production, phonetic and phonemic classification. – Syllable Structure: Combination of consonants and vowels. – Sound Processes: Vowel harmony, Assimilation of loan words, Tone and tone intonation (High, Low, Rising, Falling).

	Part 3: Grammar	Time: 1 Question to attempt	Content Areas: – Word structure and formation (Roots, Affixes, Prefixes, Suffixes, Compounding, Borrowing, Reduplication). – Word classes (Noun, Verb, Adverb, Pronoun, Adjective, etc.) – Grammatical categories (Number, Person, Tense, Negation). – Phrases and Clauses structure and functions. – Sentence types (Simple, Complex, Compound). – Sentence functions (Interrogative, Declarative, Negative). – Punctuation marks.
Section B: Literature	Part 1: Oral Literature	Time: 1 Question to attempt	Subtopics: – Prose (Folktales, Legends, Proverbs, Riddles). – Poetry (Songs, Ballads). – Drama (Traditional dra

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November 8, 2025

WAEC Health Education Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Health Education Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks: cover the human body, health, and the environment. Key topics include the structure and function of body systems, disease prevention, nutrition, first aid, drug education, and family life education. It also encompasses community and school health services, as well as environmental health topics such as water supply, waste disposal, and pollution.

Aims and Objectives

Candidates must acquire basic knowledge of the human body and necessary skills for the maintenance of health
Candidates must acquire positive health practices in the school and community
Candidates must identify and show the ecological relationship between man and his environment as a basis for preventing diseases
Candidates must make observations and draw inferences from practical experiences that may have implications for health
Candidates develop the readiness necessary for professional training in health-related careers

Examination Guides

There will be three papers – Papers 1, 2, and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

PAPER 1

It will consist of fifty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which must be taken in 1hour for 50 marks.

PAPER 2 –

It will consist of two sections, Sections A and B.

Section A will consist of six short-structured questions, all of which must be answered for 30 marks.

Section B will consist of three essay questions, out of which candidates will be required to answer two questions for 40 marks. The paper will last 1 hour.

PAPER 3 –

Paper 3 will be a practical test for school candidates and an alternative test of practical work for private candidates. The paper will last for 1¾ hours and carry 80 marks.

Materials needed in the Health Education Laboratory/Examination

Models of various organs of the body;
Models of various parts of the body e.g. tooth;
Human skeleton;
Bones of the body;
Contraceptive devices;
Reagents for testing of starch, protein, fat;
Road safety signs;
Different types of safety elements;
Posters/charts of systems of the body e.g., reproductive, digestive, excretory;
First aid box and kits;
Fire extinguisher;
Sand bucket;
Photographs of health facilities and workers e.g., doctors , nurses, dentists at work;
Photographs of methods of sewage and refuse disposals;
Microscope
Stethoscope
Preserved worms;
Preserved pests and vectors
Photographs/posters of various types of communicable and non-communicable diseases;
Model/poster showing parts of the body;
Materials for personal hygiene e.g., toothpaste, comb, toothbrush;
Dissecting set
Photographs/posters of accident scenes;
Photographs/posters showing methods of food preservation
Photographs/posters showing disaster scenes;
Safety;
Photographs/posters of drugs commonly misused/abused
Tobacco products;
Hand lens;
Real objects/photographs/posters/charts of classes of food;
Photographs/posters showing correct postures
Photographs/posters showing postural abnormalities;
Poster/real object of sphygmomanometer, thermometer, litmus paper Snellen chart.

WAEC Health Education Syllabus 2026/2027

Main Topic / Unit	Subtopics / Content Details
Meaning and Setting for Health Education	Meaning: Definition and scope of Health Education.Settings: Home-based, School-based, Community-based, Health facility-based, Workplace-based.Health Promotion: Meaning and importance.Notes: Students should visit and observe community, health facility and workplace-based health education programmes and services.
Human Anatomy and Physiology	Cells and Tissues: Types (somatic, sex), cell division (mitosis, meiosis), cell differentiation, tissue formation.Organs & Systems: Growth and development.Sense Organs: Structure and functions of eye, ear, skin, nose, tongue.Systems of the Body:– Skeletal and Muscular Systems: Axial/appendicular skeleton, functions, joints, muscle types, movement.- Circulatory System: Heart, vessels, blood/lymph composition, circulation, blood clotting, blood groups, disorders (sickle cell, leukaemia, hypertension, etc.).- Digestive System: Organs, processes, digestion, absorption, metabolism, diseases and prevention.- Excretory System: Kidney and skin structure/functions, urine formation, dialysis.- Respiratory System: Structure, functions, respiration, gaseous exchange, breathing mechanism, disorders.- Nervous System: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, reflex arc, voluntary/involuntary actions, disorders.- Endocrine System: Location and functions of glands, hormones, homeostasis, feedback mechanisms.- Posture: Correct posture, postural defects (flat foot, scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis), causes, prevention, correction.
Personal Health	Meaning and importance of physical health.Personal Hygiene: Promotion and maintenance, factors affecting health.Health Screening: Eye defects (myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, presbyopia, squint), ear defects (conductive, neurosensory), skin disorders.Care: Eye, ear, skin, teeth, mouth, hands, hair and nails.Dental Health: Types of teeth, dental caries, gingivitis, prevention.
Community Health	Community Health Services: Definition, providers (orthodox & traditional), community efforts.School Health Programme: Definition, components (skill-based education, environment, feeding, nutrition, linkages: HPS, CFS, FRESH, LS, EFA).Family Health: Maternal and child health, family size, budgeting, ageing and death education, grief, causes of death.Epidemiology & Vital Statistics: Definitions, components (birth, mortality, morbidity rates), uses.
Environmental Health	Housing: Criteria (siting, ventilation, lighting, sanitation).Water Supply: Sources, purification, uses.Waste Disposal: Meaning, types (refuse, sewage), methods.Pollution: Meaning, types (air, water, soil, noise), sources, health effects.Industrial Health: Meaning, programmes, occupational hazards.Pests and Vectors: Meaning, habitats, harmful effects, control.
Nutrition and Food Nutrients	Nutrition: Classes, sources, functions, caloric values.Balanced Diet: Meaning, classification, nutritional problems, feeding habits.Water: Importance.Nutritional Processes: Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, metabolism, defecation.Beverages: Meaning, types, effects.Diet for Groups: Children, adolescents, athletes, pregnant women, adults, aged.Food Hygiene & Preservation: Principles, effects of cooking on nutrients, preservation methods (smoking, drying, freezing, canning, etc.).
Safety Education and First Aid	First Aid: Meaning, aims, principles, contents of first aid kit.Emergency Conditions: Cuts, wounds, bleeding, fractures, burns, shock, asphyxia, poisoning.Agencies: Providers of first aid services.Disaster: Meaning, types, relief activities.Accident: Causes, prevention.Disability and Rehabilitation: Meaning, types, prevention.
Drug, Alcohol and Tobacco Education	Drug Education: Key terms (abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence, self-medication, rehabilitation).Drug Abuse: Classes of abused drugs, routes of intake (oral, injection, inhalation, topical, anal), effects, prevention.Behaviour-Altering Substances: Tobacco (components, effects), alcohol (effects), drugs (effects).Control Measures: Reasons and prevention of abuse, smoking, and drinking.
Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases	Diseases: Meaning and classification.Communicable: Definition, types and examples:- Airborne: Common cold, measles, whooping cough, TB, meningitis.- Water/Food-borne: Dysentery, cholera, typhoid, schistosomiasis.- Insect-borne: Malaria, yellow fever, trypanosomiasis, filariasis.- Worms: Ascaris, Taenia, Hookworm, Guinea worm.- Animal-borne: Rabies, leptospirosis.- Contact: Gonorrhoea, syphilis, ringworm, leprosy, AIDS.Factors: Agent, host, transmission route.Non-Communicable: Deficiency diseases (scurvy, rickets, etc.); hereditary/growth-related diseases (cancer, diabetes, hypertension, mental illness, etc.).
Family Life and Human Sexuality Education	Human Reproduction: Key terms, reproductive organs, conception, foetal development, childbirth, disorders.Human Sexuality: Meaning, importance, life skills (assertiveness, negotiation, communication).Family and Roles: Meaning, types, size, challenges (widowhood, single parenthood, in-laws, infidelity).Agencies Promoting Healthy Family Living.Family Planning & Safe Motherhood: Meaning, need, methods, safe motherhood practices.Population Education: Meaning, census, small/large populations, problems.
Emotional and Social Health	Interrelationship: Between mental, emotional and social health.Personality: Definition, traits, problems and solutions.Mental Health: Meaning, promotion, types, prevention, importance.
Consumer Health Education	Consumer Products & Services: Laws protecting consumers, factors influencing choice (authenticity, cost, availability, advertisement).Consumer Healthcare: Quacks and quackery (meaning, types), health insurance, advertising of health products.Nostrums: Meaning, types, reasons for avoiding.

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November 7, 2025

WAEC Clerical Office Duties Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Clerical Office Duties Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks covers topics such as office organization, procedures, equipment, communication, filing, meetings, and report writing. Key topics include the definition and functions of an office, office layouts, communication types, and the specific tasks of a receptionist and secretary.

Aims and Objectives

Candidates Must understand the principles and procedures for performing clerical duties in an office
Candidates must apply the knowledge acquired on the uses of office equipment and materials and perform basic clerical office duties
Candidate Must communicate effectively
Candidates must explain basic personal and professional habits and attitudes necessary for the performance of office duties.

Examination Guidelines

There will be two papers, Paper 1 and Paper 2, which will constitute a composite paper and will be taken in a sitting.

PAPER 1:

This paper will consist of fifty compulsory multiple-choice objective questions to be answered within 50 minutes for 30 marks.

PAPER 2:

This paper will be made up of one compulsory case study carrying 22 marks and six other questions, out of which candidates will be required to answer any three for 16 marks each.

The case study will be based on office situations, and candidates will be required to show an understanding of the issues involved.

The paper will carry a total of 70 marks and will last 2 hours and 10 minutes.

Main Topic	Subtopics / Details
Definition of an Office	Meaning and nature of an office; functions and purpose.
Functions of an Office	– Receiving information- Recording information- Processing/Analysing information- Giving information- Storing information- Safeguarding/Protecting assets
Sections of an Office	– Reception- General Office- Stores- Mail Room/Registry
Departments	– Accounts- Purchasing- Sales- Personnel/Human Resource- Production- Legal- Administration- Transport
Office Personnel	– Office Manager- Office Supervisor- General Clerks- Accounts Clerks- Data Entry Clerks- Administrative Assistants- Secretaries (Company, Private, Stenographer)- Receptionist- Typist- Messenger
Professional Image of Office Staff	Personal & Business Attributes; Social habits, Personal Hygiene, Healthy Lifestyle, Time Management
Layout	– Open office- Closed office
Organisation	Principles: Unity of objectives, Span of control, Authority & Responsibility, Delegation, Unity of functions, Unity of command, Supervision, Remuneration, Accountability, Esprit de corpsStructures: Line, Line & Staff, Staff, Functional, MatrixOrganogram: Organisational chart representation
Business Transactions	Documents: Letter of enquiry, Quotation, Order, Invoice, Delivery Note, Debit/Credit Note, Statement, Cheque, Receipt, Purchase Requisition, etc.Payment Methods: Cash, Cheque, Standing order, Credit/Money transferPayroll Handling: Tax regimes (VAT, Income Tax, CST, Property Tax, Customs Duty), Petty Cash
Banking	Types of Banks; Types of Accounts (Savings, Current, Fixed Deposit); Cheques
Stock Procedure	Ordering of Stock; Duties of Storekeeper; Requisition; Stock Records (Annual, Periodic, Perpetual); Stock Control (Min/Max/Reorder levels); Stock Valuation (Cost, Average, Market, Lower)
Office Equipment/Machines	General: Computer, Photocopier, Duplicator, Typewriter, Calculator, Scanner, Fax, Cash Register, etc.Mail Room: Letter-opening, Addressing, Franking, Shredding machines; Scales; Scissors; Stapler; GuillotineICT: Use of computers and technology in office work
Communication	Meaning & Forms: Verbal (oral/written), Non-verbal, VisualChannels: Internal & externalBarriers: Organisational, Physical, Psychological, Socio-culturalCorrespondence: Letters, Circulars, Memos, Reports (various types)Mail Handling: Incoming/Outgoing mail, Registers, Postage & Messenger booksMeetings: Purpose, kinds, requirements, terminologies, and preparation of documents (Notice, Agenda, Minutes)
Business English	Proofreading, Office abbreviations, Spelling, Word division, Punctuation
Filing and Indexing	Classification Methods: Alphabetical, Numerical, Subject, Geographical, Chronological, Alpha-numericFiling Systems: Lateral, Suspension, Vertical, HorizontalRules for Filing, Indexing, Cross-referencing, Electronic filing, Central & Departmental filing
Reference Books & Sources of Information	Reference Books: Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Trade Journals, Post Office Guide, Telephone DirectoryGovernment Publications: Hansard, White Paper, Gazette, Financial Instructions, General OrdersSources: Personal documents (passport, tax clearance), Business information (exchange rates, stock listings, job bulletins)
Post Office Services	Postal: Stamps, Express mail, Registered mail, Airmail, Private mailboxCourier: EMS, DHL, FedExAgency: Remittance, Postal order, Money transfer
Human Relations	Internal & external relations, Public relations, Interpersonal skills
Health, Safety and Welfare in the Office	Health hazards, Accidents, Staff welfare programs
Pre-employment Procedures	Job Advertisement, Application letter & CV, The Interview
Entrepreneurship and Small-Scale Business	Meaning & characteristics of an entrepreneur; Features of small-scale business; Importance in society

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November 7, 2025

WAEC Textiles Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Textiles Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks (Clothing and Textiles) covers general knowledge, fiber and yarn properties, fabric construction, finishing techniques, and sewing equipment. Key areas include fiber identification, yarn production, and understanding different fabric constructions like weaving and knitting. The syllabus also includes sustainable development, portfolio building, and entrepreneurial skills related to textiles.

Aims and Objectives

Candidates must learn the rationale for studying textiles
Candidates must learn about the development and careers in textiles
Candidates must learn the development of positive attitudes and skills in producing indigenous and contemporary textiles
Candidates must learn the effective manipulative skills, using tools, materials and computer technology and safety measures to be taken
Candidates must learn the level of creativity as envisaged in design work for fashion, printing, weaving, and dying of fabrics
Candidates must learn the skills for sustainable development and competencies of exploring the indigenous textile industry
Candidates must learn the elements of entrepreneurial skills, such as costing, pricing, and marketing of textile products
Candidates’ appreciation and patronage of indigenous and contemporary textile products
Candidates’ competencies in building portfolios and skills in mounting exhibitions in textiles.

Examination Guidelines

There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2

will be a composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

PAPER 1: Will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which must be

answered within 50 minutes for 40 marks.

PAPER 2: Will consist of six essay-type questions. Candidates will be required to answer

four within 2 hours for 60 marks.

PAPER 3: Will be two practical projects, out of which candidates will execute one within five days, working for six hours each of the days. The paper will carry 80 marks.

The questions will be sent to the candidates two weeks before the execution period for candidates to study. Designing sketches and preparatory notes should also be done within two weeks prior to the execution of the project. These will carry 20 marks. The total mark for the paper is, therefore, 100.

WAEC Textiles Syllabus 2026/2027

Textiles, applied in this syllabus, covers general knowledge, identification and use of fibers, textile designing, production, sustainable developments, portfolio building and exhibition and entrepreneurial skills.

Candidates will be expected to respond comprehensively to questions drawn from all areas of textiles in objective, essay and practical forms.

The scope of the syllabus shall therefore cover the following areas:

Main Topic	Subtopics / Details
1. Introduction to Textiles	– Meaning and rationale for studying textiles- Importance of textiles in daily life and national development
2. Ghanaian Textile Heritage	– Renowned Ghanaian textile artists- Traditional and contemporary textile practices in Ghana
3. Development of Textiles and Careers	– Historical and modern developments in textiles- Career opportunities in the textile industry
4. Textiles and Cultural Values	– Role of textiles in expressing cultural identity and values- Traditional and contemporary cultural influences
5. Competencies, Attitudes and Behavior for Employment	– Required skills and ethics for textile-related work- Customer relations and professional behavior
6. Textile Fibres and Yarns	– Identification and classification of fibres- Properties and suitability of fibres- Fibre processing (e.g. soaking, ginning, etc.)
7. Yarn Preparation	– Traditional and contemporary yarn preparation- Types of yarn- Blends and mixtures- Yarn terminologies
8. Fabric Construction Processes	– Weaving (traditional and broadloom)- Point paper designing (plain, twill, satin/sateen, and variations)- Looms and accessories (manpower, traditional, broadloom, power looms: shuttle and shuttleless)- Textile calculations (weight/cost of warp, weft, fabric)- Loom motions (primary, secondary, auxiliary)- Other fabric constructions: knitting, crocheting, tapestry- Non-woven fabrics
9. Fabric Decoration and Finishing	– Preparation, care, and maintenance of tools, materials, and equipment- Basic drawing (elements and principles of design)- Idea development and ICT use in design- Indigenous colour schemes, symbols, and motifs- Decorative techniques: dyeing, printing, appliqué, embroidery- Finishing techniques: mechanical and chemical- Care and maintenance of fabrics
10. Sustainable Development and Resource Management	– Sustainable textile production- Challenges and interventions in resource management, marketing, and distribution
11. Cultural Values and Healthy Studio Practices	– Observing traditional and contemporary values- Maintaining health and safety in the studio environment
12. Portfolio and Exhibition	– Types of portfolios (hard and soft copies)- Collection and building of portfolios- Meaning, types, purpose, and processes of mounting exhibitions- Appreciating and patronizing indigenous textiles
13. Entrepreneurship in Textiles	– Entrepreneurial skills and practices- Preparation and planning of a business plan- Key points of a business plan- Costing, pricing, and marketing of textile products

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November 6, 2025

WAEC Efịk Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbook

The WAEC Efịk Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbook: covers the sound system, grammar, culture, and worldview of the Efik language, ensuring candidates have a comprehensive understanding of the subject. It is used for both the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) and the General Certificate of Education (GCE).

Aims and Objectives

To enable candidates to speak, read and write Efịk properly and communicate effectively in it
To familiarize them with the sound system, grammatical structures and other features of the Efịk language
To expose the candidates to Efịk culture – customs, institutions, worldview, etc
To provide them with the necessary tools needed for creative writing and appreciation of the Efịk language and literature.

Scheme of Examination

The rubrics shall be written in Efịk. Candidates will be required to answer all the questions in Efịk using the standard orthography and Metalanguage.

The subject will consist of two papers, Papers 1 and 2, both of which will make a composite paper and will be taken at one sitting.

PAPER 1: Objective (1 hour)

This paper will consist of three sections, Sections A, B and C, as follows:

SECTION A: Language

SECTION B: Literature

SECTION C: Culture

The paper will contain a total of sixty multiple-choice objective questions distributed as follows:

Section A on Language will contain thirty questions distributed as follows:

Comprehension (2 short passages) – 10 items

Composition/Letter writing – 4 items

Sound system – 4 items

Word and sentence structure – 8 items

Translation – 4 items

30 items

Section B on Literature will also contain twenty-two questions distributed as follows:

Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation – 4 items

Oral Literature –

Prose – 3 items Poetry – 3 items Drama – 3 items – 9 items

Written Literature –

Prose – 3 items Poetry – 3 items Drama – 3 items – 9 items

In this section, all questions other than those on Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation will be based on the set books for Paper 2.

Section C on Culture will contain the remaining eight questions, which will be distributed as follows:

Customs – 4 items

Institutions – 4 items

8 items

The paper will carry 60 marks.

PAPER 2: This will be an essay test having three sections, Sections A, B and C on Language, Literature and Culture, respectively. Candidates will be required to answer six questions in all; three from Section A, two from Section B, and one from Section C—in 2 hours for 100 marks. The rubrics shall be written in Efịk.

WAEC Efịk Syllabus 2026/2027

Section	Topic/Area	Details / Subtopics
Composition / Letter Writing	Essay Writing	Candidates are to write about 300 words and spend not more than 45 minutes on this section.
	Essay Types	Narrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository, Dialogue, Debate, Letter Writing.
Sound System	—	(Included as part of Language aspect in Paper 1 and 2.)
Section B: Literature	Overview	This section will include questions from set books for both Oral and Written Literature. A total of six questions will be set — three from Oral Literature and three from Written Literature. Candidates must answer two questions in all: one from each type.
	Oral Literature	– Prose: Folktales, legends, proverbs, riddles, etc. – Poetry: Songs, ballads. – Drama: Traditional drama.
	Written Literature	– Three textbooks covering Prose, Poetry, and Drama. – One question will be set on each book. – Candidates are to answer any one of the three questions.
Section C: Culture	Edu Uwem (Customs)	Mme ubọk utom (occupations), ukọ iyak (marriage), utọ inwaṅ (birth and naming), unyam urua (market life), utom usọ (festivals/ceremonies).
	Ukpep nti edu uwem ye mme ufon mmọ	Good upbringing and its benefits: respect, hard work, cleanliness, discipline, etc.
	Udia ye edu utem / unam udia nte	Edo traditional foods and food customs: enamde kadi, enamdi fufu, ebokde mme efere, etemde ekpaṅ ṅkukwọ.
	Uduọk mmịn	Libation rituals and their significance.
	Nsionsio Nka (Institutions)	Different traditional and social institutions.
	Ubon / Ekpuk	Family structure and relations.
	Usuṅ edade ebọk nditọ	Child upbringing and parental guidance.
	Edu ukpono / se ekponode	Worship and religious practices.
	Religious Beliefs	Abasi (Supreme Being), Ndem (deities/spirits), Ibọk (sacred items/rituals).
	Mme nke (Proverbs)	Proverbs and wise sayings used in daily communication.
	Mme nke etopdetop	Popular sayings and idiomatic expressions.
	Ubọṅ	Arts, crafts, and traditional creativity.
	Mme ndedịbe nka ke Efịk	Secret societies and traditional institutions in Efik culture.

WAEC Efịk Textbook 2026/2027

Oral Literature
- Inyah Abasi Ndem by E.N. Amaku
- mutanda oyom Namondo by E.E. Nkana
- Nkpon Udan by Essien et al.
Written Literature
- Asibon Edem by E.A. Edyang
- Edikot nwed mbuk 6 by E.N Amaku
- Nkpasip nkpo Kiet by Essien et al
Culture
- Mme ukpepnkpo iko Efik by Akpayun, O.A
- Efik Eburutu: Mme ido ye edu uwem by Amkau, E.N
Grammar
- Mbet usem Efik ye ubet nke efik by Amaku E.N
- Nti edu ukpepnkpo ndito Efik by Akpanyun, O.A et al
- Mme ukpepnkpo iko Efik by Akpanyun, O.A et al
- Fonetik Efik: Nwed ukpepnkpo abanake mme uyom iko Efik by Ansa, S.A, Asuquo, I. B. and Essien-Eyo, Ako
- A study of Efik for Schools and Colleges by Akpanyun, O. A.
Reference Texts
- A learners dictionary of Efik language by Aye, E.U
- English-Efik dictionary by Adams R. F. G., Akaduh, E. and Abia-Bassey, O.
- Efik Language course by Ekefre, N. U.
- Efik Metalanguage by NERDC
- Ettiti ibat by Grace Davis

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November 5, 2025

WAEC Edo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Edo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks is a detailed guide for the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Edo language exam, which includes Paper 1 (multiple-choice) and Paper 2 (essay) covering language, literature, and culture. For specific examination details and the full syllabus.

Aims and Objectives

To enable candidates to speak, read and write competently in Edo to communicate effectively with other speakers of the language
To familiarize candidates with the sound system, grammatical structures and other features of the Edo Language
To foster candidates’ acquaintance with the necessary tools needed for a thorough appreciation of Edo Speech Usage, Literature, and Culture (customs and institutions).

Examination Guide

Summrase in paaragrapsh:The examination will consist of two papers, Papers 1 and 2. It will test all aspects of the Edo Language: comprehension, composition, sound system, grammar and translation. It will also test selected texts of oral and written literature as well as Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation, Customs and Institutions. The rubrics shall be written in Edo.

PAPER 1:
This will be 60 multiple-choice items covering Language, Literature and Culture aspects of the syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer all the questions in 1 hour for 60 marks.

The questions will be distributed as follows:

Section A: Language
Comprehension (2 short passages) – 10 items

Composition – 4 items

Sound System – 6 items

Grammar – 6 items

Translation – 4 items

30 items
Section B: Literature
Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation – 4 items

Oral Literature – Prose – 3

– Poetry – 3 – 9 items

– Drama – 3

Written Literature – Prose – 3

– Poetry – 3 – 9 items

– Drama – 3

22 items

Section C: Culture
Customs – 4 items

Institutions – 4 items

8 items

Total = (30 + 22 + 8) = 60 items

Content
The content for Paper 1 shall be the same as for Paper 2.

In Section B, all questions other than those on Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation will be on the set books for Paper

PAPER 2:
Essay-Type: Language, Literature & Culture Time: 2 hours

Candidates will be required to answer six questions in all: three questions from Section A; two questions from Section B; and one question from Section C. They will also be required to answer all the questions in Edo using the official Edo orthography and meta language. The paper shall carry 100 marks.

WAEC Edo Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

Section	Topic/Area	Details / Subtopics
Composition	Essay Writing	Candidates should write about 300 words within 45 minutes.
	Types of Essays	Narrative, Descriptive, Argumentative, Expository, Dialogue, Debate, Letter writing.
Sound System	Vowels, Consonants, Syllabic Nasal	Production in terms of place and manner of articulation.
	Phonetic & Phonemic Classification	Basic classification of sounds.
	Syllable Structure	Structure and formation of syllables.
	Sound Processes	Vowel harmony, assimilation, elision, etc.
	Orthography	Sound system aspects of Edo orthography.
	Tones	Tones and tone notation in Edo.
Grammar	Word Structure & Formation	Formation of words and their internal structures.
	Numerals	Basic and derived numerals.
	Word Classes	Nouns, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, adjectives, etc.
	Grammatical Categories	Subject, object, complement, predicate, number, person, tense, aspect, mood, etc.
	Phrases & Clauses	Types and functions.
	Sentences	Structure and types of sentences.
Section B: Literature	Oral Literature	– Genres: Prose, Poetry, Drama. – Three set books (one per genre). – One question from each book; candidates answer one question only.
	Written Literature	– Genres: Prose, Poetry, Drama. – Three set books (one per genre). – One question from each book; candidates answer one question only.
Section C: Culture	Customs	Make-up & adornments, indoor/outdoor games, pregnancy & care, naming ceremonies, home training (greetings, respect, cleanliness, integrity, hard work), Edo foods, non-verbal communication, funerals (traditional & modern), inheritance (traditional & modern).
	Institutions	Traditional occupations, marriage, politics (family structure, age grades, chieftaincy, Obaship), child care, ancestors, beliefs about Osalobua/Osanobua (God), deities/divinities, other invisible forces, modern religions (Islam, Christianity), economy (adverts, money lending, cooperative efforts).

WAEC Edo Syllabus Textbooks 2026/2027

Language
Egirama Edo Nogbae by Osayomwanbo Osemwegie-Ero
Edo grammar for Schools and Colleges by Osaren S,].B Omoregue
Edo Course Book 4-6 by Imasuen E.O (DR)
Edo Phonetics and Phonology by Omozuwa Victor Edosa
Oral Literature
Prose
Okha Edo (7-22, 46-8-) by Emovon and Osemwegie
Drama
Eseikho by Ikponmwosa Osemwegie
Poetry
Poems in Bini by kponmwosa Osemwegie
Written Literature
Prose
Izelogha by Osayomwanbo Osemwegie-Ero
Poetry
Asikoko Ekharha Oghe Edo by Obazee Gabriel et al
Drama
Ivin Eva by Osayomwanbo Osemwegie-Ero
Culture
Edo Course Book 4-6 by Imasuen E.O (DR)
Edo Proverbs and Figures of Speech by Erhahon.

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November 5, 2025

WAEC Ceramics Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Ceramics Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbook includes topics on the history of ceramics, raw materials, tools and equipment, forming techniques, decoration and finishing, and establishing a small-scale industry. Recommended textbooks, which can include standard pottery and ceramics textbooks from publishers approved by WAEC.

Aims and Objectives

Candidates’ knowledge of the history and development of ceramics
Candidates must improve their ability to explore, identify, prepare and use materials, tools and equipment
Candidates must improve their knowledge and experience in healthy studio practices
Candidates mut improve their Ability to design, develop and create ideas for ceramics
Candidates must develop the Skills in the processes and production of ceramics wares
Candidates must have ability to interpret and appreciate works in ceramics
Ability to plan and establish a small-scale industry

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Examination Guidelines

There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

PAPER 1:

This Paper will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which must be answered within 50 minutes for 40 marks.

PAPER 2:

Paper 2 will consist of six essay-type questions. Candidates will be required to answer four questions within 2 hours for 60 marks.

PAPER 3:

Paper 3 will be two practical projects, out of which candidates will execute one within five days, working for six hours each of the days. The paper will carry 80 marks.

The question papers will be sent to the candidates two weeks before the execution period for candidates to study. Designing sketches and preparatory notes should also be done within two weeks prior to the execution of the project. These will carry 20 marks. The total mark for the paper is, therefore, 100.

WAEC Ceramics Syllabus 2026/2027

Main Topic / Module	Subtopics and Key Concepts
1. Introduction to Ceramics	• Definition and History of Ceramics • Career Opportunities in Ceramics • Types of Ceramic Products (e.g. bricks, tiles, vases, bowls) • Uses of Ceramics – Utilitarian and Decorative • Cultural Relevance of Ceramic Products
2. Indigenous Pottery in Ghana	• Study of Traditional Pottery Centres – e.g. Ntonso, Pankrono, Vume, Sirigu, etc. • Cultural and Historical Significance of Indigenous Pottery
3. Ghanaian Pioneer Contemporary Ceramic Artists	• Daniel Cobblah • W. C. Owusu • R. C. Ekem • Ofori Duodu • K. K. Broni • J. K. Amoah • Kofi Asante • J. K. Nsiah • I. K. Oteng • P. S. Kwawukume • David Tetteh • Adu Darko • A. E. Quarm • Happy Kufeh, etc.
4. Raw Materials for Ceramics	Clay: Definition, Formation, Kinds and Types (Primary – Kaolin; Secondary – Ball Clay, Earthenware, Stoneware, etc.) • Prospecting and Testing for Clay (Plasticity, Shrinkage, Firing Temperature) • Preparation of Clay • Types of Clay Bodies (Plastic, Rough, etc.) • Sources of

November 3, 2025

WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The WAEC Building Construction syllabus 2026/2027 session is a guide for preparing for the exam, which includes topics like safety practices, basic tools, site clearing and levelling, concrete, and drawing, you can use recent syllabi and standard textbooks for building construction as a resource, with key topics including the identification and use of tools, safety measures, materials, and technical drawing.

Examination Guideline

There will be three papers, Papers 1, 2 and 3, all of which must be taken.

Papers 1 and 2 shall be composite paper to be taken in one sitting.

PAPER 1:

This will consist of forty multiple-choice objective questions, all of which are to be answered in 45 minutes for 40 marks.

PAPER 2:

This will consist of five short-structured essay questions. Candidates will be required to answer any four in1 hour for 60 marks.

PAPER 3:

This will be a practical test. It will consist of two sections, Sections A and B. The paper will take 2½ hours and will carry 100 marks.

The following sections are available:

Section A:

This will be for candidates in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and The Gambia only. It will be on BUILDING DRAWING and shall consist of four questions, including a compulsory one. Candidates will be required to answer the compulsory question and any two of the other questions.

Section B:

Section B will be for candidates in Ghana only. It will consist of six essay questions, including a compulsory one.

Candidates will be required to answer the compulsory question and any three of the other questions.

WAEC Building Construction Syllabus 2026/2027

Main Topic	Subtopics / Details
1. Introduction to Building	• Definition of Building • Classification and Types of Buildings • Introduction to National Building Codes (Building Regulations and Byelaw Requirements)
2. Building Construction and Construction Team	• Definition, Purpose, and Procedures for Building Construction • Parties in the Construction Team: Client’s Team, Contractor’s Team, and Statutory Personnel • Functions of Team Members • Relationship Among Parties
3. Safety Practices	• Definition of Safety, Rules, and Regulations • Hazards in Workshop and Construction Site • Causes and Methods of Accident Prevention • Safety Equipment and Measures at Construction Sites • First Aid Equipment, Procedures, and Safety Wear • Safety in Using Dangerous Equipment and Materials (Electricity, Scaffolding, Cement, Roofs, etc.)
4. Basic Tools, Equipment, and Machines	• Identification and Functions of Basic Tools and Equipment • Care and Maintenance of Tools and Equipment
5. Site Clearing and Levelling	• Operations Involved in Site Clearing • Tools and Equipment for Clearing and Levelling • Basic Site Levelling Operations
6. Site Organization and Layout	• Preliminary Operations in Building Construction • Procedures for Site Layout • Location, Boundary Lines, Hoarding, Hutments, and Access Roads
7. Setting Out	• Methods of Setting Out (3:4:5 Method, Builder’s Square Method) • Tools and Equipment for Setting Out • Procedures for Setting Out
8. Building Drawing	• Use of Drawing Tools and Plane Geometry • Building Drawing Symbols • Scales Used and Their Application • Production Drawings (Plans, Elevations, Sections, Details) • Special Details (Doors, Windows Schedules) • Scaling (Enlargement, Pictorial, Perspective) • Definition and Use of AutoCAD
9. Excavation and Earthwork	• Classification, Types, and Properties of Soil • Definition and Functions of Excavation • Methods of Excavation • Tools, Equipment, and Plants Used • Solutions to Excavation Problems (Earthwork Support, Timbering, Battering, Dewatering) • Safety Rules During Excavation
10. Foundation	• Definition, Purpose, and Functional Requirements • Types of Foundation • Factors Determining the Choice of Foundation
11. Ground Floors	• Types, Functions, and Requirements • Methods of Construction • Definition of Basement • Comparison Between Building With and Without Basement • Problems Relating to Basement Construction
12. Suspended Floors	• Definition and Functions of Upper Floors • Methods of Construction (Concrete and Timber Floors)
13. Concrete	• Definition and Types • Materials for Concrete • Cement: Definition, Types, Manufacture, Properties, and Uses • Alternatives to Cement (Pozzolana, PFA, RHA, etc.) • Types and Uses of Aggregates (Including Local Materials like Palm Kernel Shell, Periwinkle) • Types and Uses of Reinforcement • Properties of Concrete • Process of Concrete Production • Types of Concrete Tests
14. Walls	• Definition, Types, and Functions • Walling Materials: Types and Properties (Including Local Materials) • Manufacturing Processes of Walling Materials (Clay Bricks, Blocks, Concrete Blocks) • Sizes of Bricks and Blocks • Mortar Mixes • Methods of Wall Construction • Timber Wall Construction • Wall Openings: Definition and Functions • Methods of Constructing Wall Openings • Functions of Lintels and Arches
15. Doors and Windows	• Definition, Functions, and Types • Methods of Fixing Door and Window Frames
16. Staircases	• Definition, Classification, and Types • Uses of Stairs • Materials for Stair Construction and Finishing
17. Plumbing Installations and Drainage Systems	• Plumbing and Sanita

WAEC Building Construction Textbooks 2026/2027

Barry’s Introduction to Construction in Buildings
Blocklaying and Concreting
The Construction of Buildings VolsI– V
Building Technology Ivor H. Seeley
Building Construction S. C. O. A. Ezeji
Brickwork Vols 1 – 3 Nash
Building Construction Handbook R. Chudley
Building Construction Vols 1 – 4 W. B. Mckay
Principles of Construction Roger Greeno
Building Construction for Senior Secondary Schools Vols 1 – 3 (Ilesanmi) Adesokan and M. O. Adeniyi
Construction Technology Vols 1 – 4 R. Chuelley
Advanced Building Construction Vols 1 & 2 C. M. H. Barritt

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